1. Immune System
Day 1

2. Do Now
Why do you think the human body makes a great place for disease causing organisms to grow?
What are some examples of organisms that cause disease?
What are some ways diseases are spread?
In spite of being under constant attack by pathogens, we do not get sick all the time. What organ system is responsible for this?
Answer the following questions in your science notebooks.

3. Don’t leave home without it!
Immune System
Bio
Immune System
Don’t leave home without it!

4. Living with Lupus
Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect various parts of the body, especially the skin, joints, blood, and kidneys.
In an autoimmune disorder such as lupus, the immune system loses its ability to tell the difference between foreign substances and its own cells and tissues.
More than 16,000 Americans develop lupus each year. It is estimated that 500,000 to 1.5 million Americans have been diagnosed with lupus.

5. What are we learning today?
Benchmark
Objectives
SC.912.L Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics
I will identify and explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune responses.

6. What is the essential question?
Why is the immune response considered a specific defense against pathogens, while the inflammatory response is considered a nonspecific defense?

7. What are the basics?
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
Diseases can disrupt this stability.
Your immune system is the organ system that protects your body from disease.
Your body has three different lines of defense against pathogens, or disease causing agents.

8. What are the two types of immune defense?
The immune system includes two general categories of defense mechanisms against infection.
Nonspecific defenses guard against infections by keeping most things out of the body.
Specific defenses track down harmful pathogens that have managed to break through the body’s nonspecific defenses. .

9. 1st Line of Defense: Barriers to Infection
To cause disease, a pathogen must invade the body.
Your body has barriers to keep this pathogens out.
Skin provides a protective barrier.
Mucous membranes line up interior surfaces that come into contact with the environment.
Pathogens that are swallowed are likely to be destroyed by your stomach acids.
Sweat and tears contains salts, acids, and enzymes that help kill pathogens in your skin and eyes.

10. 2nd Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response
The inflammatory response is the body’s response to tissue damage.
As soon as pathogen enters your body, damaged tissue releases chemical signal.
Blood vessels expand. What is a consequence of this?
Plasma carries macrophages that engulf and destroy pathogens during phagocytosis
If infection persists, body may increase temperature resulting in a fever. Why?
Inflammatory response
is triggered by
damaged or infected cells
consume invading pathogens
which causes
which release
which attracts
chemical alarm signals
increased capillary permeability
which cause
white blood cells
blood vessel dilation
which
which causes
which causes
suppresses bacterial growth
which
swelling
temperature increases

11. 3rd Line of Defense: Immune Response
The immune response attacks specific pathogens using specialized cells and proteins.
T cells are white blood cells that attack and kill harmful bacteria.
B cells are white blood cells that make antibodies.
An antibody is a Y-shaped protein that attaches to a specific foreign substance, known as an antigen.
bind to the pathogen's membrane proteins
cause pathogen to clump together
weaken the pathogen's membrane

12. Make a Poster: Immune System
Draw a diagram illustrating the three lines of defense
Be sure to include the following terms
Provide accurate diagrams of any cells
Show how lines of defense are related.
You will want to create a rough draft first Make sure the final draft is neat and colorful.
B cells
Phagocyte
Mucous membranes
Skin
Antibodies
Body secretions
Interferon
Histamine
Fever
T cells
Stomach acids
Sweat
Tears
Circulatory system
Macrophages

13. Home Learning Worksheet: Immune Response
“The same people who never did their homework in high school are still doing that to this very day out in the real world.“
by Jules Shear

14. Immune System
Day 2

15. Do Now
An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of terms or phrases written as a : b :: c : d.
The symbol ( : ) is read as “is to,” and the symbol ( :: ) is read as “as.”

16. Don’t leave home without it!
Immune System
Bio EOC
Immune System
Don’t leave home without it!

17. What are we learning today?
Benchmark
Objectives
SC.912.L Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics
I will describe how the human immune system responds to vaccines and/or antibiotics.

18. What are the types of immunity?
Active Immunity
Passive Immunity
Results from exposure to a specific pathogen
Naturally
Vaccination
B cells remain capable of producing antibodies specific to that pathogen reducing the chance that the disease could develop a second time
A vaccine is a weakened form of a pathogen.
Created by transferring antibodies made by one organism into another
Snake bite
Often acquired before birth or during nursing

19. How does immunity develop?
Once a person is exposed to a pathogen or vaccine, it triggers the immune system to make antibodies.
If the person is exposed to the same pathogen again, the immune system will respond quicker, with more intensity, and duration
Your body will get rid of the infection before you feel sick!!

20. What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are drugs used to fight bacterial infections
Kill or prevent their reproduction
Antibiotic resistance has become a problem in many parts of the world.
Explain how antibiotic resistance develops
What two mechanism of evolutionary change are involved in this resistance?

21. Infectious Diseases Scenarios Practice
Infectious Situation
Body’s Line of Defense
Bacteria and pathogen on skin surface
Skin cells with no gaps or cuts keep out pathogens. Sweat acids kill bacteria. Pathogens shed with old skin.
Pathogens in nose, mouth, or eyes
Pathogens in digestive tract
Bacterial infection in burn or cut
Influenza virus enters body for second time
Chickenpox virus enters body for first time
Measles virus enters body soon after measles vaccine
Rabies pathogens enter body from rabid dog bite
Infectious Diseases Scenarios Practice
In the table to the left there are several scenarios where the human body has come under attack. On the next column, describe how the immune system will react to each attack. The first one has been done for you.

22. What is the essential question?
Why is the immune response considered a specific defense against pathogens, while the inflammatory response is considered a nonspecific defense?

23. Home Learning Worksheet: Immune System Reinforcement
“The same people who never did their homework in high school are still doing that to this very day out in the real world.“
by Jules Shear