1. 8. Work for the Bureaucracy: its F L E X T I M E !!! From: A Novel ApproachA Novel Approach to Politics

2. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Bureaucracy: “Your CAPs” Many of us find interacting with bureaucracies to be frustrating or practically amazing: Passport. This has less to do with their flaws, and more to do with their ideals of strict adherence to rule-based actions—processes, procedures…yes; Regulation. Bureaucracies administers our demand of government: They have Solved and are solving Collective Action Problems (CAPs)!

3. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline The Ideals of Bureaucratic Governance Max Weber (1864–1920) recognized that modern nation-states need bureaucracies. He argued that an ideal bureaucracy should be rational and efficient. – Clear assignment of roles: Clear organization avoids both duplication of effort and gaps in the process. – Hierarchy; “heard of ‘rational choice?’” – Power: “How do you think it got so efficient?”

4. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Google Image Search: www.smartcitymemphis.comwww.smartcitymemphis.com

5. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline “western” Bureaucratic Governance – Rules: Rules ensure that decisions are impersonal and consistent and avoid favoring or discriminating. – Hierarchy: A clear hierarchy allows for effective control of the bureaucracy and for handling challenges to the rule- based decision making. – Professionals: The recruitment and promotion of personnel on the basis of merit helps to make sure the right people are in the optimum positions. “western” like Max Weber in Saint Lou.

6. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Bureaucratic Roles Bureaucracies (Strong) function: – Service: providing services such as education, health care, welfare programs, parks – Regulation: watching over particular segments of the economy (e.g., the Food and Drug Administration or the Securities and Exchange Commission) – Hence, bureaucracies in “modern democracies” claim sole legitimate authority in representative government (i.e. free and fair elections: Dahl), and they people may not get their top CAP solutions for long periods of time.

7. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Google Image Search: www.iveybusinessjournal.comwww.iveybusinessjournal.com

8. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline – Implementation: making sure that laws get put in place and determining all of the relevant details Yeah, that $1M project just turned into $9.6M. – Policymaking: handling the specifics of general laws passed by legislatures. New laws to keep up with societal transformation—pragmatic CAPs. New policymaking needed since the evaluation of the last thing implemented demonstrated gross negligence of “common good / median voter” maximization. – Evaluation: Pork (i.e. mandates as riders on a bill to allocate funds to the congressperson’s district) may not be subject to “An evaluation by your government’s bureaucracy!” Does it lead to “corruption?”

9. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Democracies are supposed to be responsive to the public. See: Bureaucracies are designed to be consistent, not responsive. This is a potential problem. GOOD Solution: Economic GardeningEconomic Gardening There Be Flaws in Yonder Bureaucracy, Obviously

10. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Overhead Democracy Overhead democracy occurs when elected officials, who are accountable to the public, are put at the top of the bureaucratic hierarchy. Google Image Search: nexusilluminati.blogspot.com

11. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Authority Leakage Authority leakage occurs when efforts to control a bureaucracy become distorted as each level interprets ambiguities and makes adjustments to fit its ability to implement (e.g., top-down shirking). It is almost impossible for the top of the hierarchy to direct the outputs at the bottom consistently and effectively (i.e. Top Down). Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches

12. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline The Iron Triangle Google Image Search: www.tdaxp.comwww.tdaxp.com

13. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline The Iron Triangle Bureaucracies can be “captured” so that they focus on the needs of interest groups rather than the public interest. These iron triangles can be very powerful and all but impenetrable by outside actors: problem with not admitting new policy entrepreneurs!

14. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Agency Theory and the Responsive Bureaucracy Agency theory, or the principal-agent model, asserts that bureaucracies work like contractors to the legislature. Elected officials do not have to monitor bureaucracies closely, they just need to monitor the results and keep an eye out for problems. This explains how bureaucracies do adjust to the will of elected officials and the public.

15. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Regulate media to make it more equitable and efficient for the median voter…class break…write down how a Liberal, Independent, and Republican might accomplish that… 5 min. writing. 7 minute discussion. Take out a piece of paper…

16. An open access resource from Political PipelinePolitical Pipeline Scarcity Bureaucracies struggle against other demands for limited government funds. Those that fail to meet their public service demands or draw critical attention could have their budgets cut. The goal is to avoid negative attention (from the media or elsewhere). Bureaucracies thus monitor their own behavior accordingly. Scary