1. Discussion Discuss today, expect some questions on test to be over this material (since no quiz)

2. The Rise of the Bureaucratic State James Q. Wilson What is the bureaucracy problem? What are ways in which political power “may be gathered undesirably into bureaucratic hands? Is a large bureaucracy, per se, a threat to the constitutional foundations of our government? How does the rise of the bureaucratic state relate to one of Wilson’s 4 types of public policies?

3. The Rise of the Washington Establishment - Morris P. Fiorina What major assumptions does Fiorina make about the Washington establishment and those within it? – 3 assumptions about congressmen, bureaucrats, and voters What conclusions about the Washington establishment does he draw from his assumptions? How do the Democratic and Republican parties fit into the rise of the Washington Establishment?

4. Constitutional Democracy and Bureaucratic Power – Peter Woll What was the original conception of “administration” at the time of the framing of the Constitution? What Constitutional powers does congress have over the bureaucracy? What is the basis for the claim that the president is “chief administrator?” In what ways does the existence of the administrative branch pose problems to the maintenance of our constitutional democracy?

5. Iron Triangles Hyperpluralism, Interest Group Liberalism, Subgovernments (AKA Iron Triangles)

6. Hyperpluralism: too many groups, that are too strong. Weaken government and lead to dysfunctional policy Interest group liberalism: government’s deference to groups Subgovernments/Iron Triangles: network of groups within the political system that exercise great deal of control over specific policy areas

7. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 15.5

8. Basics of Campaign Finance Law/History Tillman Act: 1907 legislation, (Roosevelt), outlawed corporate contributions “in connection with any election.” Federal Elections Campaign Act: legislation that created the Federal Elections Commission and set up numerous parameters for campaign finance, such as: limits to contributions, requirement of disclosure, and public financing for presidential elections. Soft Money: This refers to political contributions geared for party- building activities at the grassroots level. Buckley v Valeo: overturned parts of FECA and allowed for individuals to spend as much as they want on their own campaigns, based on free speech. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act: final version of the McCain Feingold bill and would establish that within 60 days of a general election soft money activities and many issue ads would have to cease.

9. Citizens United v FEC: established that corporations may use their treasury funds as on advertisements that advocate the election or defeat of a candidate, striking down ban on independent expenditures by corporations. Based on free speech. Independent Expenditures: spending of funds on political campaign communications that may support or oppose a candidate or party, but do so without being sponsored by or in cooperation with that candidate or party. Super PACs: These are organizations engaged in raising money just for independent expenditures and do not contribute to candidates or parties directly. These organizations sprang up after the SpeechNow.org v FEC (2010)

10. FEC chart

11. Previous FRQ Three Obstacles listed below have made it difficult for Congress to enact significant campaign finance reform – Buckley v Valeo (1976) – Soft Money – Incumbency Select two of the obstacles. For each obstacle, provide both of the following. (a)A brief description of the obstacle (b)An explanation of how the obstacle has made it difficult for Congress to enact significant campaign finance reform

12. *Regulatory Capture Regulatory capture : the process by which regulatory agencies eventually come to be dominated by the very industries they were charged with regulating. – ATF and NRA