1. History Summative Argumentative Essay Format and MLA

3. Element of HistoryRelationship TermsEffect on History War Battle Invention Technology Military General Prime Minister Person Event -was a defining moment -was responsible for -affected -was instrumental in -supported -weakened -strengthened -was superior to -was inferior to -had a positive effect -has a negative effect -caused -brought -led to -fragmented -caused turmoil -destroyed -undermined -saved -Economic prosperity -Economic decline -Military power -Military collapse -political independence -economic stability or instability -Political stability or instability -Rise of a nation -Fall of a nation -Influencing another culture -Dominating/conquering -contributed to victory -contributed to autonomy -social effects -political effects CONSTRUCTING A THESIS STATEMENT IN CANADIAN HISTORY To construct an effective thesis for a research paper, one good technique is to show a relationship between two or more relevant concepts.

4. Examples of Thesis Statement The World Wars were directly responsible to the increase of women’s rights. Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s decision to scrap the Avro Arrow had a negative effect on Canada. The rise of Fascism, the failure of the League of Nations and the Great Depression is responsible for the outbreak of WWII. What would come next in these sentences to make them COMPLETE THESIS STATEMENTS? Work with your elbow partner to construct

5. What is a Reference Citation? All research is based on research preceding it. Writers are required to reference or document the original sources of information used. Any directly quoted or paraphrased ideas, words or facts taken from another source must be referenced. Failure to credit the work of others is plagarism.

6. What is an Endnote? Endnotes are used to give credit to sources of any material borrowed, summarized or paraphrased. They are intended to refer readers to the exact pages of the works listed in the Works Cited, References, or Bibliography section

7. Endnote Rules 1.Use superscript numbers 2.Number Endnotes consecutively using a superscript, e.g., 7 3.Endnotes are placed numerically and consecutively both in your essay and at the END of the essay on a SEPARATE page titled Endnotes.

8. The Many Facets of Taboo The World Book Encyclopedia defines Taboo as "an action, object, person, or place forbidden by law or culture." 1 An encyclopedia of the occult points out that taboo is found among many other cultures including the ancient Egyptians, Jews and others. 2 Mary Douglas has analyzed the many facets and interpretations of taboos across various cultures. She points out that the word "taboo" originates from the Polynesian languages meaning a religious restriction. 3 She finds that "taboos flow from social boundaries and support the social structure." 4 In reference to Freak Shows at circuses, Rothenberg makes the observation that people who possess uncommon features and who willingly go out in public to display such oddities to onlookers are acting as "modern-day taboo breakers" by crossing the "final boundary between societal acceptance and ostracism." 5 In traditional British East Africa, between the time of puberty and marriage, a young Akamba girl must maintain an avoidance relationship with her own father. 6 Looking at taboo in a modern society, Marvin Harris gives an interesting example of the application of cultural materialism to the Hindu taboo against eating beef. 7

9. 5 Kelly Rothenberg, "Tattooed People as Taboo Figures in Modern Society," 1996, BME/Psyber City, 18 Jan. 2005. 6 Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo (New York: Random, 1918) 17. 7 Marvin Harris, "The Cultural Ecology of India’s Sacred Cattle," Current Anthropology 1992, 7:51-66, qtd. in Stacy McGrath, "Ecological Anthropology," Anthropological Theories: A Guide Prepared by Students for Students19 Oct. 2001, U. of Alabama, 18 Jan. 2005.

10. Examples Endnote Example: G. Wayne Miller, King of Hearts: The True Story of the Maverick Who Pioneered Open Heart Surgery (New York: Times, 2000) 245. Works Cited Example: Miller, G. Wayne. King of Hearts: The True Story of the Maverick Who Pioneered Open Heart Surgery. New York: Times, 2000.

11. Subsequent Endnote When the work is mentioned for the first time, you must cite the authors full name, title, date, page number etc. For second or later mention of the same work the author and page number are used: Miller 198.

12. Works Cited Douglas, Mary. "Taboo." Man, Myth & Magic. Ed. Richard Cavendish. New ed. 21 vols. New York: Cavendish, 1994. 2546-2549. Dundes, Alan. "Taboo." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed. Freud, Sigmund. Totem and Taboo. New York: Random, 1918. McGrath, Stacy. "Ecological Anthropology." Anthropological Theories: A Guide Prepared by Students for Students. 19 Oct. 2001. U. of Alabama. 18 Jan. 2005. Rothenberg, Kelly. "Tattooed People as Taboo Figures in Modern Society." 996. BME/Psyber City. 18 Jan. 2005. "Taboo." Occultopedia: Encyclopedia of Occult Sciences and Knowledge. Site created and designed by Marcus V. Gay. 18 Jan. 2005.

13. Rules for Works Cited Works Cited: Create the Works Cited page at the end of your paper on a new page. Capitalization: In titles of works, all words are capitalized except articles (a, an, the), prepositions (to, from, between, and so on), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) Order: Arrange entries in alphabetical order by authors' last names (surnames), or by title for sources without authors. Titles: of periodical articles are put in quotation marks; titles of books and other long works, such as entire Web sites, are italicized. Page numbers: Do not use the abbreviations p. or pp. to designate page numbers.

14. Works Cited Rules Continued… Abbreviations: n. pag. = unknown page n.p. = unknown publisher or sponsor n.d. = unknown date Months: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.