1. Democracy and the Public space Dr Maurice Mullard Malta Lectures

2. MEANING OF DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY IS BOTH AN IS AND AN OUGHT STATEMENT DEMOCRACY AN INTERACTION BETWEEN IDEALS AND REALITY HOPES AND PRAGMATISM – THE ART OF THE POSSIBLE

3. DEFENDING DEMOCRACY Social Policy and Welfare States – part of the optimism and the promise Human rights Accountability Political parties

4. SIX BROKEN PROMISES PLURALISM - IMPACT OF - ORGANISED INTERESTS AND UNEQUAL ACCESS POLITICAL ARITHMETIC - SHORT TERM EXPEDIENCY THE TYRANNY OF ELECTORAL MAJORITIES SURVIVAL OF OLIGARCHY LEADERS AND ELITES

5. BROKEN PROMISES INVISIBLE POWER - THE RULE BY NOBODY PASSIVE CITIZEN - CONSUMER SOCIETY LIMITED SPACES FOR DEMOCRACY - LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BUREAUCRACY, PROFESSIONALS

6. PROBLEMS WITH DEMOCRACY How do we read the history of democracy Born of struggles – hopes and optimism To challenge elite power That politics does matter

7. DISILLUSIONMENTS OLIGARCHY – ELITES GLOBAL BUSINESS ELITES – DISTORT DEMOCRACY FINANCE FOR POLITICAL PARTIES BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION IN THE POLICY PROCESS

8. THE PASSIVE CONSUMER CITIZEN FROM PUBLIC TO CITIZEN AS CONSUMER POLITICS AND THE MEDIA THE LOSS OF IDEOLOGY THE NEW ANTI POLITICS

9. Post democracy Political vacuum the emergence of new social movements New technologies blogging – the internet The sound bite politics Surveillance and the State

10. POLITICAL IMAGES Passivity and legitimacy New Elites and income inequalities Politics represent views End of collectivism and class struggles

11. THE HOPES OF DEMOCRACY SITE - GUARANTEES DIVERSITY AND PLURALITY AN ON-GOING PROJECT - REDUCE ARBITRARY DECISIONS PUTS LIMITS ON POWER - CHECKS AND BALANCES RECOGNISE DIFFERENCE AND OPPOSITION

12. HOPES FOR THE FUTURE IT IS NEVER THE END OF HISTORY- THE IDEA OF THE MULTITUDE RELEARNING HISTORIES PROCESS NOT CAUSE AND EFFECT NEED TO STAY THE COURSE