1. MIGRATION WHY WE MOVE TO AND FRO

2. WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE? Push and Pull Factors Push Factors: negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their adobe and migrate to a new location Elements of agricultural life that force people off the farm Examples of Push Factors: * Armed Conflicts, Environmental Hazards, High cost of land Pull Factors: positive conditions and perceptions that induce people to new locations from other areas Factors of cities that draw people to urban landscape Examples of Pull Factors: * Job Opportunities, Higher Pay, Access to healthcare and education, entertainment Life Course Changes: People move because of major changes in their life * Examples: going to college, moving for a better job, retiring

3. TYPES OF MIGRATION Forced: ordered by government or ruling body to move, or war, disaster, or government repression can force migration (refugees) (As a side note: many countries have programs for refugees where they grant them asylum or safety from the threat, or better yet amnesty programs that allow illegal immigrants to gain citizenship Step: people move up in a hierarchy of locations, each one more advantageous; example: farm, town, outside of city, city (As a side note: this is the most difficult type of migration because obstacles, aka intervening opportunities, will keep migrants from moving to next best location) Chain: influential individual or group settles in a location creating a migrant vacuum, immigrant community (Somali Bantu’s in San Antonio)

4. WHERE DO I MOVE TO? Inter-regional or Internal Migrants: move from one part of a country to another part of the country Transnational: migrants move from one country to another country * Transnational labor migrants: work a limited time before returning to home country (Cyclic Movement) * If workers are seasonal, for instance, those who work in agriculture from Mexico to the US, it’s called (Periodic Movement) * Remittances-cash transfers sent from transnational migrants to their families back home. Frostbelt to Sunbelt Shift: a movement in the US where many have left colder more populated regions to move to the south for warmer weather (population centers move to Atlanta, Orlando, Houston, Albuquerque, Los Angeles