1. GCSE PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2. Roles of the Skeleton - Shape Provides our body with shape. Keeps us upright and tall. Extension… How does the shape of a skeleton for a basketball player differ from that of a marathon runner?

3. Roles of the Skeleton - Protection Protects all of our vital organs. Ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs. Cranium protects the brain. Extension… What does the vertebra protect? Can you think of sporting examples where protection is important? E.g. Cranium for when you get punched.

4. Roles of the Skeleton - Movement Allows movement through the use of joints and muscles attachments. Extension… Can you link any muscles to bones which create movement? E.g. Tricep to Humerous which allows is to push our arms straight.

5. Joint Classification – Hinge Joint A hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints. Hinge joints are formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.

6. Joint Classification - Pivot A pivot joint is a type of synovial joint synovial joint in which a circular bone rotates upon the axis of another bone.

7. Joint Classification – Ball and Socket Ball-and-socket joints are a special class of synovial joints that enjoy the highest freedom of motion in the body thanks to their unique structure. The shoulder and hip joints are the only ball-and-socket joints in the human body Two main components make up a ball-and-socket joint: a bone with a spherical head and a bone with a cup-like socket.

8. JOINT GRID NAME OF JOINT BONES THAT MAKE UP THE JOINT SPORT EXAMPLE THAT USES THIS JOINT ELBOW - Humerus - Radius - Ulna 1 Punching in Boxing 2 Bench Press during Weight Training SHOULDER - Humerus - Scapula 1 Javelin in Athletics 2 Bowling in Cricket HIP - Femur - Hip (Ilium) 1 Penalty in Football 2 Conversion in Rugby KNEE- Femur - Tibia (Fibula is not attached to the Femur) 1 Sprint start in Athletics 2 Rebound in Basketball