1. Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures
2.3 Elements and Compounds
2.4 Chemical Reactions
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2. State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity
Describing Matter
Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing a substance’s composition
Examples:
State (solid, liquid, gas)
Color
Melting point
Hardness
Conductivity
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3. Mass - amount of matter an object contains
Describing Matter
Mass - amount of matter an object contains
Volume - space occupied by an object
Density – ratio of the mass of an object to volume
Density = mass / volume
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4. Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties
Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount.
Examples:
Density
Temperature
Depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
Examples:
Mass
Volume
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5. Classify as Extensive or Intensive
Mass Melting Point Color Volume Boiling Point
Concentration Length Freezing Point Temperature Density
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6. Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties
Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount.
Examples:
Density
Temperature
Melting & Freezing Points
Boiling Point
Concentration
Depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
Examples:
Mass
Volume
Length
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7. Identifying a Substance
Describing Matter
Identifying a Substance
Substance - Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.
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8. Physical Properties of Some Substances
Interpret Data
Physical Properties of Some Substances
Substance
State
Color
Melting point (°C)
Boiling point (°C)
Neon
Gas
Colorless
–249
–246
Oxygen
–218
–183
Chlorine
Greenish-yellow
–101
–34
Ethanol
Liquid
–117 78
Mercury
Silvery-white
–39
357
Bromine
Reddish-brown –7 59
Water
100
Sulfur
Solid
Yellow
115
445
Sodium chloride
White
801
1413
Gold
1064
2856
Copper
Reddish-yellow
1084
2562
The states of the substances are given at room temperature.
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9. States of Matter What are three states of matter? States of Matter
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10. Solids Definite shape and volume.
States of Matter
Solids
Definite shape and volume.
Shape does NOT depend on shape of container.
Particles packed
tightly together.
Almost incompressible.
Expand only slightly when
heated.
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11. Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly. Flow.
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly.
Flow.
Indefinite shape. Takes the
shape of its container because
particles are free to flow.
Volume is fixed.
Almost incompressible.
Expand slightly when heated.
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12. Takes both the shape and volume of its container.
States of Matter
Gases
Takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Particles are far apart.
Easily compressed.
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13. END OF 2.1
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