1. Chapter 2 SECTION 2: PROPERTIES OF MATTER

2. Key Ideas  Why are color, volume, and density classified as physical properties?  Why are flammability and reactivity classified as chemical properties?

3. Physical Properties  PHYSICAL PROPERTIES are characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance  For example: you can determine the color, mass, and shape of a soccer ball without changing the substance that makes up the ball.  Physical properties are often easy to observe  They can also describe characteristics that are not as obvious  For example: a physical property of air is that it is colorless  What are some physical properties of this ball?

4.  Physical properties can help identify substances  Physical properties can be observed or measured  Examples: shape, color, odor, texture, state, melting point, boiling point, strength, hardness, magnetism, the ability to conduct electricity or heat  Other physical properties such as melting point and boiling point, can be measured  MELTING POINT- the temperature at which a substances changes from a solid to a liquid.  BOILING POINT- the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

5.  Physical properties help determine uses  Density is a physical property  DENSITY- a measurement of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance  The formula for density is Density=Mass/Volume  Density is usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)  Density is different than weight  Example: two pounds of feathers weigh more than one pound of bricks, but the feathers are LESS DENSE than the bricks sot he bricks have a higher density than the feathers even though they weigh more

6. Practice Problems  A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density?  A man has a 50.0 cm3 bottle completely filled with 163 g or a slimy, green liquid. What is the density of the liquid?  A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a volume of 6.7 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of metal?

7. Practice Problems  A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density?  D=16.52 g/2.26 cm3= 7.31 g/cm3  A man has a 50.0 cm3 bottle completely filled with 163 g or a slimy, green liquid. What is the density of the liquid?  A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a volume of 6.7 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of metal?

8. Practice Problems  A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density?  D=16.52 g/2.26 cm3= 7.31 g/cm3  A man has a 50.0 cm3 bottle completely filled with 163 g or a slimy, green liquid. What is the density of the liquid?  D= 163 g/50.0 cm3= 3.26 g/cm3  A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a volume of 6.7 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of metal?

9. Practice Problems  A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density?  D=16.52 g/2.26 cm3= 7.31 g/cm3  A man has a 50.0 cm3 bottle completely filled with 163 g or a slimy, green liquid. What is the density of the liquid?  D= 163 g/50.0 cm3= 3.26 g/cm3  A piece of metal has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a volume of 6.7 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of metal?  m= 11.3 g/cm3 x 6.7 cm3= 76 g

10. Chemical Properties  A CHEMICAL PROPERTY describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or by breaking apart into new substances  Chemical properties are generally not as easy to observe as physical properties  They are related to the specific elements that make up substances.

11.  FLAMMABILITY is a chemical property  flammability means the ability to burn  For example: wood can be burned to form new substances that have new properties. So, one chemical property of wood is flammability. Even when wood is not burning, it is flammable.

12.  REACTIVITY is a chemical property  reactivity is the capacity of a substance to combine with another substance.  For example: Iron's reactivity with oxygen is one property that can cause problems. When exposed to oxygen, iron rusts. The steel parts of a car rust when iron atoms in the steel react with oxygen atoms in the air to form iron (III) oxide.

13.  Physical and chemical properties are different  EX: SUBSTANCEWOODIRONRED DYE PHYSICAL PROPERTYHAS A GRAINY TEXTURE BENDS WITHOUT BREAKING HAS RED COLOR CHEMICAL PROPERTYIS FLAMMABLEREACTS WITH OXYGEN TO FORM RUST REACTS WITH BLEACH; LOSES COLOR

14. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water  Is red  Is shiny and silvery  Melts easily  Boils at 100 degrees  Is nonflammable  Has a low density  Tarnishes in moist air

15. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water  Is red  Is shiny and silvery  Melts easily  Boils at 100 degrees  Is nonflammable  Has a low density  Tarnishes in moist air

16. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red  Is shiny and silvery  Melts easily  Boils at 100 degrees  Is nonflammable  Has a low density  Tarnishes in moist air

17. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery:  Melts easily:  Boils at 100 degrees:  Is nonflammable:  Has a low density:  Tarnishes in moist air:

18. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily:  Boils at 100 degrees:  Is nonflammable:  Has a low density:  Tarnishes in moist air:

19. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily: physical  Boils at 100 degrees:  Is nonflammable:  Has a low density:  Tarnishes in moist air:

20. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily: physical  Boils at 100 degrees: physical  Is nonflammable:  Has a low density:  Tarnishes in moist air:

21. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily: physical  Boils at 100 degrees: physical  Is nonflammable: chemical  Has a low density:  Tarnishes in moist air:

22. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily: physical  Boils at 100 degrees: physical  Is nonflammable: chemical  Has a low density: physical  Tarnishes in moist air:

23. REVIEW  What are some examples of physical properties and chemical properties?  Physical: melting point and density  Chemical: flammability and reactivity  Identify the following as physical properties or chemical properties:  Reacts with water: chemical  Is red: physical  Is shiny and silvery: physical  Melts easily: physical  Boils at 100 degrees: physical  Is nonflammable: chemical  Has a low density: physical  Tarnishes in moist air: chemical

24. REVIEW  What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 454 g and a volume of 100.0 cm3?  A sample of copper has a volume of 23.4 cm3. If the density of copper is 8.9 g/cm3, what is the copper’s mass?

25. REVIEW  What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 454 g and a volume of 100.0 cm3?  D=454 g/100.0 cm3 = 454 g/cm3  A sample of copper has a volume of 23.4 cm3. If the density of copper is 8.9 g/cm3, what is the copper’s mass?  M= 23.4 cm3 x 8.9 g/cm3 = 208 g