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Red Cabbage Plastic Cups Plastic Spoons Lemon Soda White Vinegar Apple Juice 1 Items Needed for Lab Clear Shampoo Clear Conditioner Cream of Tartar Powdered Laundry Detergent Quart Size Ziploc Toothpicks
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Chemical and Physical Properties of Matter 2
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Characterisitic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance. Temperature Ice melts at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius Color The apple is red Hardness Texture The sandpaper is rough Shine Flexibility The ruler is very flexible. The ruler is very rigid. 3 Physical Properties
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Thermal conductivity – is the rate at which a substance transfer heat. Ex. Styrofoam is a poor conductor. Metal is a good conductor. State of Matter – solid, liquid, or gas Density – the mass per unit of volume. Ex. Lead is very dense so it is used to make an anchor. 4 Physical property examples
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Solubility – is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Ex. Kool-Aid powder dissolves is water. Ductility – is the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Ex. Copper is often used to make wiring because it is ductile. Malleability – is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make foil. 5 Physical Property examples
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6 Physical Changes A physical change is any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but that does not make the substance into another substance. Ex. A piece of silver is pounded and molded into a heart-shaped pendent. (it is still silver) Ex. – changing from a liquid to a solid (or any phase change) Ex. – crushing an Aluminum can. It is still aluminum, just the shape has changed. Ex – Sawdust – it is still wood – only in smaller pieces.
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A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances. To observe the chemical properties of a substance, you must change it into another substance. Ex. When magnesium burns, it combines with oxygen in the air, forming a new substance called magnesium oxide. Common examples: Burning, tarnishing (corrosion), rusting 7 Chemical properties
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8 Tarnish and Rust -exposure to air and moisture
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Flammability – is the ability of a substance to burn. (wood can burn, but ash and smoke cannot) Reactivity – is the ability of two or more substances to combining and form one or more new substances. Chemical reactions involve two main kinds of changes that you can observe – formation of new substances and changes in energy. 9 Some chemical properties
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A chemical change is a change in matter that produces one or more new substances. Example: burning of gasoline in a car’s engine. The new substance formed is the car’s exhaust. Chemical changes occur when bonds break and new bonds form. 11 Chemical Change
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12 Chemical Change Sometimes a chemical change will change a physical property.
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A nail will bend – _ property being changed is shape A nail will rust – _ property being changed is composition (iron is reacting with oxygen to make iron oxide - rust) Alcohol will evaporate – _ change of state Alcohol will burn – _change – it is not alcohol any more. 13 Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties
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There will be a change in odor, color, heat will be either absorbed or released, the substance will bubble or fizz, light or sound may be given off. Ex. Soured milk Alka-Seltzer tablets fizzing car rusting cake baking chemical reaction going on in your body 14 How do I know that a chemical change is taking place?
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As matter changes, it can either absorb or release energy. A change in energy occurs during a chemical reaction. An endothermic reaction is a reaction in which energy is absorbed. Many endothermic reactions occur when heat is constantly added. (Ex: egg frying) In other words…they need energy to keep going. 15 Changes in Energy
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An exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. After an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. (Ex: the burning of fuel) The reaction between fuel and oxygen in an airplane engine releases energy, mostly in the form of heat. The expansion and movement of the gases out of the plane exerts a force that moves the plane forward. 16 Changes in Energy
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Physical changes are easily reversed. You can melt ice and then freeze it again. Chemical changed are not easily reversed. When a firework explodes it would be almost impossible to put the materials back together. 17 Can physical and chemical changes be reversed?
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