1. 1863-1865

2. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order ending slavery in the states in rebellion (Confederacy). Military strategy to hurt the South. Prevent Great Britain from siding with the Confederacy.

3. North: Changed the focus of the war from holding the Union together to also include the abolition of slavery. Many whites in the North stopped volunteering as a result. A draft became necessary South: The Confederate army had lost so many men to that point that the South had to resort to a military draft.

4. Enrollment Act of Conscription-March 3, 1863. Draft raised about 150,000 troops. First draftees were drawn on July 11, 1863. Commutation Fee: allowed wealthy to buy their way out of service. Substitutes: mostly poor who could not buy their way out of service.

5. Irish and poor immigrants were upset about the inequalities in both their ability to get good jobs and in the draft. Mobs rioted for three days. Attacked, lynched and beat blacks. Looted stores, burnt buildings.

6. Fredericksburg Lee’s army defeats Ambrose Burnside. Chancellorsville Lee’s Army defeats Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson is mistakenly killed by his own men.

7. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw-commander. All black regiment made up of both northern free African Americans and former slaves. Noted for bravery and the ferocity in which they fought. Struggled to receive equal pay and equal supplies. Led the charge on Fort Wagner, SC. The fort was never taken during the war.

8. Lee’s army went north into Pennsylvania. Looking for supplies and shoes. George Meade rushed to Gettysburg and forced Lee to take a stand

9. Both sides fought hard for two days. Lee risks everything on a suicide charge across an open field that became known as Pickett’s charge. Lee lost a third of his men. He retreated back into Virginia.

10. Gettysburg was a turning point in the war. The South wouldn’t have enough men to mount a major attack. Union Casualties : 23,000 Confederate Casualties: 28,000.

11. Two minute speech given by President Lincoln. To honor the soldiers who died at Gettysburg dedicating a national cemetery. One of the most famous and eloquent statements of American democracy.

12. Grant’s initial attack failed. Surrounded town and laid siege. Confederates lasted for seven months. Lived like animals in caves. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863. Lincoln is thrilled by the victory Last stronghold on the Mississippi. Grant is named commander of the western forces.

13. Grant captures Chattanooga, Tennessee. Major railroad center. Grant gained control of western railroads. Anaconda Plan: Union controls western rivers and railroads. Grant heads east to capture Richmond.

14. Total War: War against armies and also against a people’s resources and will to fight. William Tecumseh Sherman is ordered to invade Georgia and take Atlanta. Burns Atlanta to the ground. Sherman cuts a path of destruction through Georgia until he reaches the Atlantic ocean and captures Savannah. He heads north through the Carolinas to meet up with Grant.

15. On his way to Richmond, Grant clashes with Lee in the following battles: The Wilderness Spotsylvania Courthouse Cold Harbor Petersburg: Nine month siege Battle of the Crater Union dug a tunnel under Confederate lines. Filled tunnel with Dynamite and blew it up. Put too much Dynamite in the tunnel and blew a deep crater in the ground. As Union soldiers advanced they fell into the crater and became sitting ducks for confederates. Battle of the crater photo

16. Petersburg fell on April 1, 1865. Two days later Richmond fell. Many casualties: Grant lost nearly half his army (50,000 men). Lee fled with 30,000 men.

17. Grant’s men and other Union forces surround Lee. April 9, 1865 General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House. Grant offers generous terms for the surrender. Lee’s troops could go home. Grant gave food to the starving Confederate soldiers. Cavalry could keep their horses. Lee could keep his sword.