1. Module 2 – CTP Fundamentals

2. Module 2 content What is cash transfer programming? - concepts and terminology Trends in cash transfer programming Types of Cash Programs

3. Why use cash or vouchers?

4. Shift from ‘proof of concept’ to acceptance of cash and vouchers as standard humanitarian approaches. Increased provision of cash transfers at scale in appropriate settings Syria crisis Typhoon Haiyan Nepal Donor policy and funding shift towards cash (Top donors – US and the EU) Cash Atlas 2014: 232 projects (50 multi sectoral) 6'681'696 beneficiaries USD 2'652'452'195 However, total value of CTP 2009 – 2013: still only 6% of total international humanitarian assistance. From Proof of Concept to Use at Increasing Scale

5. Increasing interest in using CTP CTP is being piloted and used in large-scale and protracted displacement settings (UNHCR and WFP) Where? Used more in in returns and urban contexts rather than camp settings, but increasing use in camps What? food vouchers, shelter grants, seasonal grants, entrepreneurship grants and returnee assistance; Multipurpose Grants ? CTP with refugees/PoC – Summary of trends

6. UNCONDITIONAL RESTRICTED UNRESTRICTED CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER VOUCHER MULTIPURPOSE MULTISECTOR SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMODITY VOUCHER VALUE VOUCHER DIRECT CASH E-CASH PAPER VOUCHER E-VOUCHER CASH FOR WORK / TRAINING / ASSETS CASH-BASED INTERVENTION / CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE(S) & PROCESS MINIMUM EXPENDITURE BASKET (MEB) / SURVIVAL MINIMUM EXPENDITURE BASKET (SMEB) PRE-REQUISITE/ QUALIFYING UTILIZATION

7. Conditions Conditional – recipient must do something (e.g. attend clinic attend school, Cash For Work) in order to be eligible to receive the cash Unconditional – No requirement to do anything in order to qualify Restrictions Unrestricted – no restriction on what the money may be spent on. Beneficiary is free to spend money on whatever they choose. Restricted – Intended exclusively for the purchase of certain commodities (or groups of commodities) Unrestricted grants are used when project objective and beneficiary priorities match (agencies have flexible cross-sectoral mandates) Cash grants can be subject to restrictions or conditions Cash Grants

8. Why conditionality or restrictions?  To support the objective of the programme or support dual objectives (e.g. cash for work for income support and infrastructure rehabilitation).  To ensure accountability to donors.  An important way to understand people’s priority needs or the conditions/restrictions will not be effective.

9. Mobile money Financial service providers Retailers (electronic and paper vouchers) Direct cash distribution Delivery (or payment) mechanisms

10. http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/video- library/multipurpose-cash-grants Video: Multipurpose Cash Grants

11. http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/video- library/irc-lebanon-case-study http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/video- library/irc-lebanon-case-study Lebanon MPG (8.37)

12. Questions?

13. Module 3 – Assessments

14. Module 3 Content  Assessment and vulnerability targeting  Assessing the feasibility of using cash  Tools for market analysis  Financial service providers  Institutional capacity  Mainstreaming protection

15. Markets Needs Delivery mechanism Time Security Skills & Capacity Prices Social / political context Gender /Protection Issues Supply KEY QUESTIONS: When to use CTP?

16. So… CTP not always appropriate! Context may call for cash, in-kind or both. Analysis of response options is key. Preconditions for Cash Transfers

17. Understanding needs of the target population – what do you need to know to design a programme?  The type and quantity of commodities / services needed at a household level.  The length of time this support will be needed (either one off or over a period of time).  The scale of the needs. Feinstein Centre Needs Assessment

18. Vulnerability relative to the host community Access to services Physical and community access to PoC in non-camp settings particularly those most vulnerable Urban settings: Transient nature of displacement Camp settings: market access challenges; limited livelihoods opportunities Emergency situations – documentation, access Needs Assessments Challenges for PoC/Refugees

19. Gather pre-existing and new situational protection information on sources of threats. Flag economic/livelihoods-related causes of protection risks. Use an age, gender and diversity lens. Protection Tips: Needs Assessment

20. Who are the transfer recipients? How are they to be targeted? Vulnerability and Targeting for CTP

21. Approaches Blanket targeting Geographical targeting Community based targeting (CBT) Selection Criteria Vulnerability Criteria Relative Household wealth Using ‘bio data’ – e.g. UNHCR Pro- Gres database targeting Sector-based – e.g. house totally destroyed (shelter) Blended/Hybrid models Targeting Considerations

22. Lack of status or status as illegal migrants Lack of legal protection in work, consumer disputes Land/rent disputes settings increase risks of exploitation IMPLICATIONS FOR TARGETING AND VALUE OF ASSISTANCE DEBATE QUESTION: Can interventions help out where restrictive regulatory frameworks deny legal access to services? Regulatory frameworks & targeting for PoC

23. 1.Vulnerability assessment methodology and questionnaires 2.Vulnerability scoring index 3.Protection implications Lessons learned on Vulnerability, Targeting, and Protection from the Danish Refugee Council’s E-Voucher Intervention in Southern Turkey– https://fic.wistia.com/medias/xgpbg2clwb?embedType=async&videoWidth= 600 https://fic.wistia.com/medias/xgpbg2clwb?embedType=async&videoWidth= 600 Review of Targeting of Cash and Food Assistance for Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt: http://www.cashlearning.org/downloads/erc- targeting-cash-and-food-assistance-web.pdfhttp://www.cashlearning.org/downloads/erc- targeting-cash-and-food-assistance-web.pdf Lessons Learned: Targeting for PoC/Refugees

24. Discuss differences/overlaps between specific needs, protection risks and economic vulnerability. Examine vulnerability (physical, social, economic and environmental). Engage communities throughout the targeting process. Protection Tips (1): Vulnerability Analysis and Targeting

25. Analyze which aspects can be addressed through CBI. Identify and assess people with specific needs or protection risks, and refer them to other assistance if CBI is not relevant for them. Protection Tips (2): Vulnerability Analysis and Targeting

26. Estimate of gaps facing target population: Goods/ Services and Quantities: What and how much is needed? Exclude HH capacity and available assistance (other assistance) Duration and seasonality: How long gap might last and will needs change over seasons (winter) Quality and preferences: Are there any quality requirements that need adhering to? Do target HH have preferences/ acceptable substitutes? Are needs identified available in the market? Will households purchase what they need? Consult any relevant standards and norms (e.g. Sphere standards) Gap Analysis

27. 1.Are markets / services operating and accessible to affected/ target populations (e.g. refugees)? 2.Are essential goods and services available in sufficient quantities and quality, and at reasonable prices? 3.Are traders / service providers willing and able to respond to increase demand in a timely manner? Remember : Barriers to accessing markets can be physical, financial, social, cultural or related to communications / knowledge In-kind also impacts markets (so markets shouldn’t be assessed only to determine CTP but to contribute to situation analysis) Key questions Market Assessments

28. Multiple needs…

29. In an emergency situation or in preparedness of a crisis, ‘critical’ market systems are those that played, play or could play a major role in ensuring survival and/or protecting livelihoods of the target population. (EMMA and PCMMA Toolkits) Categories of critical market systems:  For ensuring survival: supply market systems.  For protecting and promoting livelihoods: supply and income market systems. Critical Markets

30. For ensuring survival (Supply) Market systems that provide food, essential household items, or services to meet urgent survival needs. Examples: staple food items, clothing and blankets, shelter materials, essential household items, soap, buckets, bedding, tents, fuel or firewood… For protecting and promoting livelihoods (Supply) Market systems that provide essential tools, replace assets, provide agricultural inputs, or deliver vital services. Examples: Agricultural tools, fertilizer, fodder, seeds, pumps, veterinary services, credit services, fishing nets, boats, transport services… (Income) Market systems that provide jobs, create demand for wage labour or provide buyers for target groups’ own produce. Examples: Cash crops, livestock, fish and forest products, agricultural and casual labor, re- construction activities, other employment industries… Critical Markets for Various Needs

31. Strengthening Markets Video (Logs cluster): http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/video-library/strengthening-markets-in-crisis http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/video-library/strengthening-markets-in-crisis Market Assessments – What do they include?

32. .... and we can measure this by analysing and understanding market performance: This can lead to better responses, based on the functionality of the market We understand how markets function by collecting information about..... VolumesPricesLead timesStocks Credit / access to funds Number of actors TransportAccessibility Seasonality Storage What we measure, why and how…

33. We understand how markets function by collecting information about..... VolumesPrices Lead timesStocks Credit / access to funds Number of actors TransportAccessibility Seasonality Storage This information is collected using a number of methodologies including: -Questionnaires (open and closed) -Focus Group discussions -Key Informant discussions -Secondary data analysis -Observation -Using tools such as Market Mapping -…. What we measure, why and how…

34. Deciding on the depth of analysis

35. Marketplace AnalysisMarket Systems Analysis Short intervention time frame Longer intervention time frame (>3 months) Visible abundance/supply in marketplace Uncertainty about supply Short/local supply chainsLonger/international supplies Trader capacity high (finance available, networks exist) Low trader capacity Good information flows in market system Poor/broken information flows (speculation/rumours) Simple market systems: few actorsComplex market systems NO significant market problems/breakages/leakages Income markets/livelihoods support Market place: Market System Analysis

36. CaLP/IRC ‘Comparative table of market analysis tools’: http://www.cashlearning.org/downloads/comparative-table- of-market-analysis-tools-final.pdf MARKET ASSESSMENT TOOLS Market Assessment Tools

37. Designed to help practitioners decide which market analysis toolkit, tool and approach may be of most use in a given context. -Encourages practitioners to look beyond traditional response modalities and investigate potential market support interventions. -Includes guidance on which market analysis tools to use at different phases: Preparedness; Emergency Response; Recovery; Development. http://prezi.com/vg0_glhptmi5/?utm_campaign=share&utm_me dium=copy&rc=ex0share Choosing the right tool: Oxfam Compass

38. Provides checklists, tips and guidance on what to collect in a market assessment, irrespective of which tool is being used Not an assessment or analytical tool, but can be used in conjunction with tools. Focuses on four thematic areas:  scope of assessment  analysis  data collection  monitoring and ensuring data validity Minimum Requirements for Market Analysis in Emergencies (MRs)

39. Specific barriers and constraints Should analyse: – Previous engagement in markets prior to the crisis – Income generation through enterprise opportunities – Existing skills and activities – Potential displacement of local labour Labour Market Analysis in Humanitarian Contexts: A Practitioner’s Guide: http://www.cashlearning.org/downloads/lma- guidance---january-2016.pdf Labour Market Analysis

40. Consider safe and equitable access to markets. Consider protection-related market systems for goods and services. Consider social relations. Protection Tips: Market Analysis

41. Delivery Mechanisms and Instruments Direct Cash Cash, Money Order, etc. Using Banks Bank cards, Mobile phones, Sim cards etc. Using traders Paper Voucher, Smart Cards, Scratch cards, Mobile phones etc. Using mobile phones Mobile Phones, Sim cards,

42. ACTIVITY: Selecting a cash transfer delivery mechanism (ELAN case study) Based on the case study you have been provided: You are assigned to manage one of the programs listed below and must decide which type of response and payment mechanism (for cash-based programs) is best suited for the program. Your agency favors market-based responses whenever possible. Report to the group with the following: - Which payment mechanism you selected and why - Two or three key questions will require follow-up assessments Selecting a Cash Transfer Delivery Mechanism

43. Challenges:  There are a multiplicity of actors.  There is an increasing volume of (sensitive) data with no guidelines for collection process.  There is a lack of communication with beneficiaries. Constraints:  Reactivity  International / national legal frameworks  Cost-effectiveness News ! Online Training Now available on CaLP Website (cashlearning.org) and at : https://disasterready.csod.com/LMS/LoDetails/DetailsLo.aspx? loid=b563b67d-719c-4194-b673-81c48f9ce59a#t=1 Protecting Beneficiary Privacy

44. Definition of 8 operational principles Principles for the secure use of personal data in cash and e-transfer programmes:  Respect privacy  Protect by design  Understand data flow and risks  Quality and accuracy  Obtain consent or inform beneficiaries as to the use of their data  Security  Disposal  Accountability Protecting Beneficiary Privacy

45. Consider safety, freedom of movement and preferences. Ensure service provider selection reflects protection risk and benefit analysis as well as cost and capacity. Include data protection and confidentiality in service agreements/SOPs. Protection Tips: Delivery Mechanism Selection

46. Institutional Capacity assessment

47. Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool (OCAT) is intended for organisations to self-assess their capacity to deliver or scale-up CTP effectively – Can be used to identify capacity gaps & needs in key functional areas, and to measure progress – Not intended as performance evaluation or comparison of un-related organizations – Designed for organizations of any type or size – can adapt definitions to the specific context – Multi-country or multi-member organizations can agree definitions & targets to use Purpose of the OCAT

48. Assessment covers six ‘Categories’ of organizational capacity: – Governance/Leadership – Organizational Management – Human Resources Capacity – Financial Management Capacity – Program/Project Management – External Relations OCAT Categories

49. Worksheets are for scoring & graphing results… … and for recording recommendations to address gaps OCAT Format & Content

50. Module 4 – Response Analysis

51. Needs Assessment Market Analysis Vulnerability Analysis and Targeting Protection Risk and Benefit Analysis Delivery Mechanism Selection Design and Implementation Monitoring Benefits Risks Response Analysis

52. ..... to identify the responses that are most appropriate to local people, feasible, cost effective and cost efficient that can be implemented by Agencies, partners and other actors. Response analysis must be based on the gap and market analyses, recommending direct and/ or indirect response options depending on the opportunities and capacities of the implememting agencies and context. Objective of Response Analysis

53. InputOutput Outcome Impact Cost-efficiency Cost-effectiveness  Objectives  Agency mandate  Community priorities  Government priorities  Opportunities for sustainability  Feasibility (risks, time)  Low chance of negative impact  Value for money  Available resources Cost of delivering programme:  Running costs  Operational costs Cost-efficiency & Cost-effectiveness

54. Inadequate Shelter

55. CaLP’s research www.cashlearning.org/what-we-do/research

56. CaLP’s research www.cashlearning.org/what-we-do/research

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