2. Further Analysis of Irreversible Processes P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Other Methods to Account the Entropy Generation…..

3. Process Efficiency of A Turbine A turbine following a Reversible process will produce maximum work output using high enthalpy steam/gas. Irreversible or actual turbine generates relatively lower magnitude of benefits. The level of this process irreversibility is also defined as efficiency of a process or machine.

4. Quantification of Irreversibilities in Turbine (Power Generating Machine) h s Ideal work w s = h in – h erev Actual work w a = h in – h eirr p inlet p Exit

5. Isentropic Efficiency of a Turbine Isentropic efficiency is defined for an irreversible process. This is the ratio of actual performance to Isentropic performance of a machine. For power generation machines: Isentropic efficiency = Actual power output/Isentropic power output. These definitions are case dependent and a separate definition is to be developed for each application.

6. h s intake exit es i ea Isentropic Efficiency of compressor Irreversible compressor: Isentropic(Reversible) work input | w iso | = h es -h i Irreversible work input |w act | = h ea -h i Power Consuming Device For Power consuming machines: Isentropic efficiency = Isentropic power input/Actual Power input.

7. A Generalized Model Of A Manufacturing System Material Processing System Creation of Energy Sources for Material Processing System Creation of Energy Sources for Manufacturing System Manufacturing System

8. Alternate Generalized Model Of A Manufacturing System Material Processing System Manufacturing System

9. Manufacturing System as a Rate Process

10. Auxiliaries (to Manufacturing System) as a Thermodynamic CV

11. Power Plant for A Manufacturing System & Material Processing System Power Plant for Manufacturing System & Material Processing System

12. Heat Source for A Manufacturing System & Material Processing System Heat Generation Unit for Manufacturing System & Material Processing System

13. Generalized Manufacturing System

16. Model Equations for Generalized Manufacturing System Conservation of mass: First Law Entropy Balance: