1. Age of Exploration
1400 to 1700

2. Why did Europeans begin to explore outside of Europe?
Italian monopoly made Asian spices and other trade goods expensive
Overland trade was dangerous, costly, and long
Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Routes

3. Sooooo……
Other Europeans needed to find a water route to Asia so they could trade directly with Asia
Italians had land route locked up
Ottomans had taken over Byzantine Empire and closed trade

4. Reasons to Explore Europeans wanted to: Break the Italian Monopoly
GOLD (what does this mean?)
Spread Christianity
GOD
Gain fame and adventure
GLORY
Thrill of exploration
Influence of Renaissance (How?)
Marco Polo explorations inspired young explorers
Know him

5. What did Europeans know about the world?
NOT MUCH!
Europeans needed to find a sea route to Asia but lacked the knowledge and the techniques needed to sail out of sight of land ?

6. New technology needed for exploration
Europeans did not know how to sail out of sight of land until…
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal
Remember him!
Established a school of navigation

7. Prince Henry’s School
Prince Henry’s school attracted the best cartographers, mathematicians, astronomers, and explorers
Define cartographer
Why do you need these types of people?
Create new innovations for sailing and test new techniques

8. Prince Henry’s school
Henry the Navigator also sponsored explorations that led to a Portuguese Empire
Portugal is 1st to have an empire outside of Europe since the Romans
Portugal becomes wealthy from trade

9. Technology that allowed open-sea exploration
Europeans needed better maps
By 1300, area around the Mediterranean was well mapped but the rest of the world was unknown
As Europeans traded, they were able to get maps by Egyptians, Arabs, and Byzantines which were used to improved European maps

10. Technology that allowed open-sea exploration
Ptolemy (Ancient Egyptian Greek) introduced the grid system based on latitude and longitude
Remember him!
Lived 100 to 178 AD
His map was the best Europeans of the 1300s had

11. Technology that allowed open-sea exploration
Better navigational knowledge and tools from the Arabs and Chinese
Knowledge of astronomy
Astrolabe
Device that helped you navigate by the stars
Know this term.
Compass
Device for direction

12. Technology that allowed open-sea exploration
The Caravel
Definition?
New type of ship using the new innovations
Multiple masts
Rudder in the back
Lateen sail
Triangular so could be angled to catch the wind
Drew little water so could be taken up shallow inlets and beached for repairs
Important?
Outfitted with cannons and rifles

13. Age of Exploration The Causes 1. Trade with Asia 3. Technology
2. Land route was closed.
-Wanted to trade with Asia—especially China and India
-Wanted silks and spices
-Since the Middle Ages, Europeans had been trading with Asia along the Silk Road
-too expensive
Thanks to new technology, Europeans could make ocean voyages.
Technology like….
the caravel ship
the magnetic compass
the astrolabe
(finds latitude)
In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople and from then on, the land route to Asia was closed to Europeans. Italians controlled trade with Middle East. So Europeans tried to find a sea route to Asia.

14. Portugal is the 1st to break the Italian Monopoly
Vasco da Gama
1st European to sail around Africa to India
Remember him!
Opened up trade with India
Portugal becomes a wealthy trading nation--temporarily

15. Spain wants in on the action!
Christopher Columbus
Remember him!
Wanted to sail west to reach China or Japan and establish trade for Spain
Didn’t realize he had actually found a new continent.
Opened up the New World for colonization

16. After Columbus’ voyages, Spain and Portugal both claimed land outside of Europe
Pope was afraid of a war between them
So…..

17. Pope arranges the Treaty of Tordesillas
Definition?
Divided the world for colonization between Spain and Portugal
Line of Demarcation
Portugal-east of line
East Indies and Brazil
Spain-west of line
Most of Western Hemisphere

18. PROBLEM! No one knows how big the world is!
Spain sent Ferdinand Magellan to determine where the Line of Demarcation was exactly
Know him!
His crew becomes the first to circumnavigate the earth
Definition?

19. Remember… Why did Europeans want to explore?
Reasons to explore
Gold
God
Glory

20. Age of Exploration When Where How What Who Why
15th century (1400s) through the 17th century (1600s)
Where
How
Europeans explored the world by ocean. Turned away from trade in the Med. Sea and began trade with the Americas and trade on the Atlantic Ocean.
New technology made long-distance sailing possible. Astrolabe, magnetic compass, the Caravel
Age of Exploration
What
Who
Originally, Europeans were searching for a sea route to Asia, looking for trading partners and trade goods, especially valuable spices.
The giants were Columbus and Magellan.
Why
To get to Asia!