1. Unit 1-European Exploration Lesson 1: World Changes

2. Growth of Trade In Europe Wealthy Europeans wanted spices, perfumes, precious stones, and silks from the Orient. This was an opportunity for merchants to become very rich. Merchants would buy the goods from Arab traders in the Middle East. merchant - someone who buys and sells goods

3. Growth of Trade in Europe The goods would then be sent by land to the Mediterranean Sea, where they would then ship the goods by boat to Italian ports. http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/articl e_1011198.shtml

4. Growth of Trade in Europe Due to high demand for the goods from Asia, the Arab traders charged high prices. Europeans began to look for a trade route to the East that would allow them to avoid the Arab traders.

5. The Renaissance The Renaissance was a period with interest in classical Greek and Roman learning. Europeans were beginning to look at themselves and the world in different ways. They were encouraged to look for new ideas and set new goals.

6. Powerful Nations Grow New nations were starting to form in Europe by the 1400’s. Spain, France, England, and Portugal were led by strong monarch governments. The kings and queens of these countries were looking to become wealthier and more powerful, through trade.

7. Advances in Technology Maps were not very accurate for early explorers. Using information from explorers and Arab map makers, cartographers were able to make more accurate maps showing ocean currents and lines of latitude.

8. Advances in Technology Inventions like the astrolabe and magnetic compass made travel easier as well. The astrolabe allowed explorers to find their latitude by measuring the position of the stars. The magnetic compass allowed travelers to determining what direction they were traveling.

9. Advances in Technology Astrolabe Magnetic Compass http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass http://history-of-the-computers.blogspot.com/

10. Advances in Ships New ships in the 1400s allowed for longer ocean voyages. New rudders and sails allowed for ships to sail into winds. In Portugal, a new ship called a caravel was created for better exploration of new lands.

11. Caravel The caravel was faster, carried more cargo, and floated better in shallow waters than other ships of the 1400s. http://www.arthursclipart.org/sailingships/sail/page_01.htm

12. Portugal Portugal became the first nation to explore on a large level. They did not have a Mediterranean port, so they needed to find another way to trade for the goods that came from Asia. The Portuguese also wanted to find a way to obtain gold from West Africa.

13. Henry the Navigator Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in what was beyond the known boundaries of the world. The prince brought mathematicians, geographers, and astronomers to work with sailors and shipbuilders. Due to his desire for exploring, he was given the name, Henry the Navigator.

14. Henry the Navigator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator

15. Portugal’s New Route Portuguese ships traveled South along the coast of West Africa. They would set up trading posts, where they would trade for gold and ivory. Due to the amount of gold, this area of Africa became known as the Gold Coast.

16. King John II of Portugal King John II wanted to help finish the mission of a new trade route to Asia. Portugal could trade directly with China and India if they could find a route by sea, around Africa. King John II urged Portuguese sailors to travel further south on the African coast.

17. King John II http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_of_Portugal

18. Bartholomeu Dias Dias was sent to explore the southern-most part of Africa in 1487. His ship got caught in a storm that took him around the southern tip of Africa. King John II called this the Cape of Good Hope because he hoped that it would lead to the new trade route to Asia.

19. Bartholomeu Dias http://www.elizabethanenglandlife.com/b artholomeu-dias.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias

20. Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama was sent in 1497 to sail around Africa and reach India for the first time. After going around the Cape of Good Hope, Da Gama visited cities along Africa, until he finally reached the ports of India in 1498.

21. Vasco da Gama The Portuguese started to make regular trips to India, returning with cargo that made them one of the wealthiest nations.

22. Vasco da Gama http://ar310.blogspot.com/2011/07/vasco- da-gama.html#_ http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue19/profile.htm

23. Conclusion New European powers wanted to become wealthier and more powerful. This led to many improvements in technology, which resulted in more opportunities in regards to exploring new trade routes to Asia.

24. Assignments Answer the five review questions for this lesson. Fill in Explorer Chart for the following explorers: Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. You will have a Unit 1 Test after you complete Lesson 4.