Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byProsper Barber Modified over 8 years ago
1
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
2
What do you know about the industrial revolution? Why is it so important? What inventions can you think of that came out during the Industrial Revolution? WARM UP
3
What does Industrial Revolution mean? Revolution (change) Agricultural Revolution Enclosure movement: 1800’s Great Britain's population grew, and the demand and raised prices for agricultural products grew. Jethro Tull: landowner, invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows, Made a horse-drawn hoe to dig up weeds between the rows and break up soil before planting. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
4
Charles “ Turnip” Townshend copied a Dutch practice: planting different crops in the fields each year had the same result. Planted wheat and barley one year and root crops such as turnips the next. Called crop rotation: helped farmers to produce more crops using the same amount of land. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
5
Improvements increased production and made farm labor easier. Iron plows replaced wooden ones. Jethro Wood invented a plow with replaceable blade. Many people couldn’t afford the new inventions to help with agriculture so many sold land and moved into the cities. Formed huge labor unions. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
6
Enclosure Movement: Several effects; large landowners added to their holdings. Small plot owners forced to become tenant farmers or move into cities. Using bronze, and iron tools helped with the development in improving technology Role of women changed, in charge of family and agriculture. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
7
Era of rapid industrial development: Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain Land capital and labor (factors of production ) Land : all natural resources (coal and iron) rivers helped provide inland shipping routes. Capital : money people who had grown rich during the 1700’s invested in new businesses. Labor: industry, fueled by the growth in population, migrations into cities. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
8
Why did the industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? Right factors of production Textile industry Mechanization: was the automatic machinery, silk-spinning machine that automatically performed in minutes operations ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
9
New Inventions Richard Arkwright- invented a way to drive the machine by waterpower. (spinning mill) Started the factory system Supply increased, price of cotton cloth went down Most cotton came from southern United States. Cleaning seeds from the cotton was manual work In 1793 American Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. (machine that could clean much more cotton in a day. ) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
10
Southern U.S. became the cotton producing center in the world. Cotton gin increased slavery (needed people to go out and pick the cotton from the fields) Many new inventions in the textile industry grew because they had to meet growing demand. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
11
Steam Engines, Iron and Steel Many machines in Industrial Revolution were driven by waterpower. James Watt; modern steam engine: powered engines for factories and transportation of goods. Steam replaces water as major power source. More machines means more steel is needed to make them ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
12
British manufactures used new technology for other industries. Shoes, clothing, ammunition and furniture. Printing paper, papermaking, lumber and food processing. And making other machines. London was one of the first cities to burn gas in street lamps. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
13
Transportation Stone topped roadways build around towns. Canals were dug to link rivers for ships. George Stephenson used steam locomotive. Robert Fulton- first to build a profitable steamboat. Steamboats appeared on rivers and lakes all over the world. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
14
The communication Revolution Italian scientist build the first battery ( Alessandro Volta) American Samuel Morse: sent a electric current through a wire, causing a machine at the other end to click. Invented the telegraph. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
15
List 3 inventions and who invented them? What is happening around the world? WARM-UP
16
Factory System How machines affected Work Steam powered machinery made work easier to do. Person could perform a task or operate a machine in a few days. No more guilds Women and children (operate machines as efficiently as men) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
17
Factories determined workers wages. Factory owners wanted to produce goods as cheaply as possible. Cost of land or capital increased, the owners lowered wages. Women and children got paid less wages then men. Lives of Factory Workers 14 hour shifts, 6 days a week 1832 Parliament investigated working conditions for children ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
18
Factory Act of 1833( allowed for factory inspection and enforcement of child labor laws.) Workers lived in tenements ( shabby apartment) Development of the middle class Bankers, manufacturers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, professors Time changed ( based upon economic standing rather than birth) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
19
Capitalism Europe and the United States Growing spirit of individual enterprise Capitalism: describes an economic system in which individuals or corporations rather than governments, control the factors of production. Privately owned and operated. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
20
Interchangeable parts: identical parts. Assembly line Mass production: large numbers of identical items Interchangeable parts and assembly line are important for mass production. Henry Ford: used a conveyor belt to carry automobile frames from one worker to the next. Goods became more affordable because of the change in production methods. Improved standard of living. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
21
Rise of Corporation: Corporations- businesses formed groups allowing people to buy stock in their companies. J.P Morgan-American Financier founded the United States Steel company. Complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service, Monopoly Owning, coal and iron mines, steel mills and factories, combinations (cartels) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
22
Business Cycles Industrial Revolution brought alternating periods of prosperity and decline known as the business cycle. Depression- when business would decline, falling demand for goods. Factories might close, people lost jobs. Entire economy would sink. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
23
What role did the division of labor play in helping to increase production during the Industrial Revolution? In what way did the use of the assembly line allow Henry Ford to reach a new level of mass production? Be able to explain the steps in the business cycle. WARM-UP
24
Adam Smith Creation of wealth, nothing the importance of manufacturing as well as agriculture. Founder of classical economics. Laws of economies Two laws governed all business and economic activity. Law of supply and demand (demanded on the amount of available goods and the demand for the goods) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
25
Second law was competition (reduce prices) People should be free to engage in whatever business they chose. Free enterprise: Laissez –faire: let it be. Supported employers who wanted to buy labor as cheaply as possible. Didn’t want government to meddle in operations of business. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
26
Some people said business could not be left alone entirely. Humanitarians: people who work to improve the conditions of others. Reforms. Utilitarianism: “ the greatest happiness of the greatest number.” ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
27
Early reform laws: Children couldn’t work long hours in the factory. Couldn’t allow children under 9 work. 9-13 could only work no more than 12 hour days. Working conditions still were not great. People would protest this, strike. Unions were formed to collect dues to help pay its members when they went on strikes. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
28
Socialism Means of production: Political and economic system (socialism) Socialism: governments own the means of production and operate them for the benefit of all people, rich or poor. Due away of competition and profit motive. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
29
Karl Marx : believed that the entire capitalist system should be destroyed. Friedrich Engels Both published the, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO. In 1848 Wealth is created by labor Many people believed that a violent revolution was required to get rid of capitalism. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
30
believed that this was probably the only way to establish governments that owned the means of production and controlled all economic planning. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/work s/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/work s/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.