1. Political Participation AP Government Chapter 8

2. Non-Voting Voting Age Population vs. Registered Voters Is it apathy or a registration problem? Participate in other ways VAP

3. Voting Amendments 15-race 19-women/gender 23-DC gets electoral college votes 24-no more poll tax 26-age

4. Get out and Vote? 50-60% since 1920’s “Vote early and often” Laws prevent fraud, lower turnout Registration limits, secret ballots

5. Forms of Participation Activists Campaigners Voting specialists Communalists Parochial Participants Inactives

6. Checking Ideologies Participation linked to ideology Psychological characteristics are linked to participation

7. Theories of Non-voting.. Younger population Weaker parties Registration constraints Costless-no penalty for not voting Apathy-My vote does not matter

8. Reality of Non-voting Ease registration Make the government more responsive How is it measured? (handout)

9. Participation w/out voting Can volunteer for a candidate or issue Protest Contact officials Give campaign contributions

10. Who votes? Who doesn’t? Educated Older Wealthier Married Party ID Professionals Minorities Young Poorer Blue collar Movers