1. “First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”

2. The Presidency of George Washington

3. The First President Name: George Washington Born: Feb 22, 1732, Virginia Years in office: 1789- 1797 Political Party: None Vice President: John Adams Significant positions held: Commander-in-Chief of Continental Army

4. Domestic Issues 1) Whiskey Rebellion 2)Rise of Political Parties 3)Conflicts with Native Americans 4)Economic Problems 5)Precedents 1) Whiskey Rebellion 2)Rise of Political Parties 3)Conflicts with Native Americans 4)Economic Problems 5)Precedents

5. Whiskey Rebellion Excise Tax- tax placed on a specific item Pennsylvania farmers rebel and refuse to pay tax Challenge to governments authority Washington leads military to stop rebellion Proved strength of government Excise Tax- tax placed on a specific item Pennsylvania farmers rebel and refuse to pay tax Challenge to governments authority Washington leads military to stop rebellion Proved strength of government

6. Economic Problems Country in Debt Needed to strengthen economy Alexander Hamilton responsible for fixing the problems

7. How did Hamilton Plan to pay off the debt? Assume control over all state debt Sell more bonds to pay off the money they already owed Create a national bank Taxes and tariffs Assume control over all state debt Sell more bonds to pay off the money they already owed Create a national bank Taxes and tariffs

8. Federalists The Rise of Political Parties Democratic-Republicans

9. Federalists Leaders People that supported them Who should hold power? Interpretation of Constitution Foreign Policy Alliances, Jay’s Treaty Economy What should it be based on, Bank, Taxes/tariffs Protection of Rights Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Southerners, small farmers, Laborers, poor Northerners, Bankers, Merchants, Wealthy Farmers Federal Government with limited power, Increased state power Strong Federal government and limited state power Strict Construction Loose Construction Preferred French Alliance and opposed Jay’s Treaty Preferred British Alliance and supported Jay’s Treaty Economy based on Agriculture, opposed taxes and tariffs and Creation of bank Economy based on manufacturing, trade and agriculture. Supported taxes, tariffs and the creation of a bank Believed protection of individual rights was most important Believed rights could be limited in certain situations

10. Hamilton= Federalists Jefferson= Democratic Republicans or Anti-federalists 1- strong government 2- run by well educated citizens 3- economy based on business and industry 4- government should pay off all debt 5- government had power to create bank (loose construction) 6- favored British 7- government could limit people’s rights 1- feared powerful government 2- government run by ordinary people, 3- economy based on farmers 4- states should pay off their own debt 5- Creating bank was unconstitutional (strict construction) 6- favored France 7- rights should never be taken away by the government 1-part of Washington’s Cabinet 2- political parties 3- wanted to run the government their own way

11. Precedent an example that others follow. It becomes a tradition

12. Impact and Legacy- Precedents Creating a Cabinet Two terms Executive Privilege-right of a President to withhold information from Congress and the courts. Enforcing supremacy of Federal law Creating a Cabinet Two terms Executive Privilege-right of a President to withhold information from Congress and the courts. Enforcing supremacy of Federal law

13. Foreign Policy relations with governments of other countries Foreign Policy relations with governments of other countries

14. The French Revolution Revolution leads to war between France and British Washington has to choose a side Decides to be Neutral- not take a side

15. Trouble with the British Public unhappy with conditions of treaty War is avoided and British leave forts Nothing about captured ships and impressment 1.British were capturing American ships 2.Impressment- act of forcing someone to serve in the military 3. Still in western forts and giving weapons to Native Americans Jay’s Treaty

16. Farewell Address 1)do not make alliances with foreign countries 2) Try to stay neutral 3) Isolationism- country follows his advice for the next 100 years 4) Avoid political parties

17. Do Now: Should the government be able to violate the Bill of Rights?

18. Aim: How did the Alien and Sedition Acts violate the Bill of Rights John Adams Born- October 30, 1735 Massachusetts 2 nd President- 1797-1801 Political Party- Federalist Vice President- Thomas Jefferson Significant positions- Vice President of George Washington

19. 1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. 2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia. 3 No quartering of soldiers. 4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. 5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self- incrimination, double jeopardy. 6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial. 7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases. 8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments. 9 Other rights of the people. 10 Powers reserved to the states.

20. XYZ Affair US diplomats try to discuss a peace treaty with France 3 French agents known as XYZ demanded a bribe of 250,000 and a loan of 12 million President Adams refuses to pay bribes Many Americans demand to go to war with France

21. Alien and Sedition Acts Created because of a potential war with France Alien Act- allowed President to jail or have any foreigner removed from the country if they were considered a threat

22. Alien and Sedition Acts Sedition Act- made it illegal to plot against the government. It also made writing any articles criticizing the government illegal. Sedition Act was used to arrest members of the Republican Party who criticized the government.

23. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Stated Alien and Sedition Act were unconstitutional Nullification- State have the right to ignore laws that are unconstitutional Believed that states were more powerful then the federal government

24. Which Amendments were broken by the Alien and Sedition Acts? 1 st Amendment 4 th Amendment 5 th amendment 6 th Amendment