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Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle in Computer Scientist’s Perspective by Minho Shin, Myongji University
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Minho Shin Dept. of Computer Engineering, MJU Joined MJU in March, 2011 Before: Dartmouth College, Samsung Research Area – Wireless Networks & Security – Mobile Computing & Privacy Projects – Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for ITS – Smartphone Privacy – Interoperability of SG & EV Human-centrilc Mobile Computing Lab (HMCL) – http://hmcl.mju.ac.kr
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Interoperability Project Build interoperability certification system – Between EV and Charger – Between EV and SG Grant: 2.5 billion / 3 yrs from MKE Participants: KTL, MJU (3p10s), PNE Activities – Standard follow-ups – Building EV-charging station testbed
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Power Grid
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One-way power flow Power Grid
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One-way power flow Use or discard 100 Energy Waste Power Grid
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One-way power flow Use or discard Over-provision Energy Waste Power Grid
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Load forecasting model Peak load Supply = Peak load * 1.2 Wasted Energy Over-provision
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Supply Unexpected peak demand Emergency Supply Detection Turn on peaker plants Detection Turn on peaker plants Rescue in 10 min Over-provision Expensive Inefficient Limited
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Solution: match demand to supply Supply
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Solution: match demand to supply Supply
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Effect of Demand Shifting Benefits – Save 67 billion Euros in Europe – Save 130 billion dollars in US – Reduce CO 2 emission Massive investments on smart grid – 11 billion investments by Obama – US DoE target: 20% reduction of peak demand
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How? Smart metering – Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Realize real-time demand response – lower peak load EMS Demand information Demand control message Smart meter
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Go Green Renewable Energy Sources – Wind turbine – Solar panel By 2030, US target: 20% But… – Renewable energy is intermittent – Highly distributed We need – Intelligent power management strategy – Smart control system
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Smart Grid = Power Grid + AMI + Renewables + …
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Why Electric Vehicle? Electric Vehicle – Car run by electricity (or with gasoline) Benefit – Reduction of CO 2 emission 15% of CO 2 by transportation – Driver’s Cost – Reduce dependence on oil
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Smart Grid = Grid + AMI + Renewable + EV System Operator System Operator HAN
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EV Charing Problem Can we feed EVs? – Increase peak demand EV-charging
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EV Charging Problem Can we feed EVs? – Increase peak demand Solution – Smart Charging Schedule – Time-varying price That’s it?? EV-charging
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Active role of EV in Smart Grid EV – Power stored in battery – Available (parked) 90% of time – Aggregated, highly reliable power resource Use the stored power for Grid – help balance power production/consumption – Real-time regulation service – Make money Grid charge discharge
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V2G market projection by 2020
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V2G revenues Peak power Spinning reserves Regulation services
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Smart Grid and Computer Science Smart Grid is a cyber-physical system Sense Process & Decision Actuate
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Smart Grid & Computer Science CS problems – Real-time data processing – Communication & Networking – Fault-tolerant system architecture – Interoperability – Security & Privacy – Programming model – Visualization – etc…
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Smart Grid & Computer Science CS problems – Real-time data processing – Communication & Networking – Fault-tolerant system architecture – Interoperability – Security & Privacy – Programming model – Visualization – etc…
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Smart Metering Communications Neighborhood Mesh Network Home Area Network
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Integrate smart meter into home gateway 20-30 home appliances are connected wirelessly, communicate with smart-meter Collectively perform energy consumption monitoring application
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Neighborhood Network Routing Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network Data aggregation via Multiple Gateways
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Interoperability SG = interconnection of different power generators, distribution networks, and consumers Connect them regardless of physical medium, manufacturer, device types Likely that multiple comm. technologies coexist – Devices: Bluetooth, UWB – Home/local: Zigbee, WiFi – Meter-Utility: 3G/4G Standardization effort for interoperability
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Security Stuxnet worm: targets only Siemens SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system Attacker can control demand response mechanism – interrupt power supply to a large area – control the operation of home devices Authentication, Key exchange, Integrity, Confidentiality, Non-repudiation, …
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Privacy NIST: “major benefit of S.G. is also its Achilles’ heel from a privacy view point” Frequent and accurate metering data collection poses privacy threat to consumers – Identify living pattern, real-time activity information, product preference, behavior Demand profiling can reveal what appliances are being used at the moment
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Demand Profiling
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Possible solutions Anonymization Aggregation Homomorphism Obfuscation Negotiation Energy management
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Conclusion Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle is a major drive for future energy paradigm Interdisciplinary research area Interoperability is a major challenge New research/engineering topics and more jobs …
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QUESTIONS?
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