1. WATER

2. What are engineers ?

3. Biomedical AerospaceCivil Mechatronics Electrical Chemical

4. Respond to the needs of society: Engineers in Australia e.g. Better computers, more roads, faster cars? iphones? Respond to the needs of society: Engineers in South East Asia e.g. Access to clean drinking water

5. Engineers who work to improve quality of life through education and sustainable engineering projects. So Who Are Engineers Without Borders...?

6. What are the problems ?

7. 3 billion live on less than $2 per day

8. 1 billion lack access to clean water

9. 2 billion lack access to sanitation

10. Cholera Hepatitis A Typhoid Ringworm (Tinea) Guinea-Worm Disease High Prevalence of Water Borne Diseases

11. Waterborne Diseases Unsafe drinking water causes 80% of diseases in the world Diarrhoea kills 1.8 million children each year Escherichia coli bacteria Source: http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/eColi.html

12. Haiti vs Chile

14. Problems? Damage to infrastructure Lack of medical supplies & overcrowded hospitals Disease Poverty & lack of money to rebuild Lack of food and clean water

15. What about solutions ? Our focus: Clean water

16. Clean water: Bio Sand filter Water passes through layers of sand, gravel and charcoal After repeated use, a “biofilm” layer forms on the sand This sticky layer traps bacteria and “eats” them.

17. Clean water: Activated Charcoal Activated charcoal has been treated with oxygen to open up millions of tiny pores between carbon atoms Huge surface area to trap organic (carbon) compounds. Source: user:Ravedave, Wikipedia

18. Clean water: Solar Radiation Cover half of a plastic bottle in black paint and lay in the sun UV Radiation kills bacteria in water Water must be heated to 65 C for 6 minutes

19. Ceramic Water Filters Resource: Development International Cambodia - http://www.rdic.org/waterstart.htm Materials - powdered clay and rice husks Clay is naturally porous, the water will pass through leaving impurities in the pot The inside of the pots are coated with silver to kill bacteria

20. Activity: Make your own water filter In country groups, Decide what to do Buy materials Make filter Test filter Present to class

21. How does the activity relate to the real world? People in poorer countries have their own coping mechanisms Resourcefulness of groups with little money North-South co-operation Richer countries formed the G8 and OECD Poorer countries formed the Group of 24 Collaboration between countries Based on actual country’s illiteracy rate Lack of education and access to information Illegible instructions Based on actual country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)‏ Different amounts of money per group Real WorldActivity

22. What you can do? Get informed Think about international development – we can help others Get involved in science and technology – create new solutions