1. Please take out your Watershed poster, Module 28, and Current Event Get a textbook and a laptop

2. Module 28 MC 1. A 2. D 3. D- I’ll do this on the whiteboard 4. C- electricity generation by power plants 5. E

3. End of Chapter MC 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. E- most dams are actually build to capture fresh water for human use! 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. E 9. C 10. A 11. D

4. Watershed Project Time You have 15 minutes to finish your project and turn it in (or it is homework) FYI- homework has changed! We aren’t ready to start Modules 41-45 organizer HW = USGS Online Water Use Activity

5. Current Events! 2 minutes each to share! File in folder with any loose FRQs

7. Global Uses of Fresh Water 1. Irrigation (70%) 2. Industrial (20%) - In developed nations, most is used for cooling at nuclear power plants 3. Human Use (10%)

8. Disparity in Distribution Canada has 20% of world’s supply but only 0.5% of population! Asia has 30% of world’s supply but 60% of population!

9. Types of Water Use Off-Stream Use: taken from source but returned after use Sewage treatment, nuclear plants Consumptive Use (type of off-stream use): water is returned after a long period of time or to a different source In-Stream Use: habitat, recreation, dams

10. Key Terms Aqueduct: a canal, etc. used to transfer water from one location to another Levee: an enlarged bank on the sides of a river to prevent flooding Reservoir: area of usable water behind a dam Dike: structure built to separate ocean water from fresh water Fish Ladder: stair-like structure that allows fish to get up and over a dam Drought: regions receive 30% or less of their avg. annual precipitation

11. Using Ground Water Resources Sustainability of using aquifers (groundwater) dependent on rate of recharge Lateral recharge- from rivers and streams Natural recharge- percolation of rain through soil/rock

12. Overuse of Aquifers Overdraft- withdrawals from aquifer exceed recharge; water table drops i.e. Ogallala Aquifer Land above the reservoir can sink or collapse- called land subsidence Rapid collapse = a sinkhole Saltwater intrusion: in coastal areas sinkholes can fill with salt water, making aquifers unusable http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?fe ature=4626

13. Major Dams Colorado River Basin (14!)- Hoover Dam creates Lake Mead; Glen Canyon Dam makes Lake Powell Three Gorges, China Aswan Dam, Egypt

14. Water Transfer Projects Provide freshwater to areas that need it Have resulted in devastating loss of volume in lakes, wetlands and estuaries Aral Sea California Water Transfer Project China’s Water Transfer Project

15. Ways to Protect Groundwater Subsidize water conservation strategies (gov’t $$ assistance) Implement conservation practices in residences Increase price of water Reduce # of water-intensive crops being grown (i.e. cashews, almonds in California!)

16. Desalinization Salt can be removed from ocean or salty inland lake water to make it drinkable Methods: 1. Distillation: boil off water and collect it (requires a lot of heat energy!) 2. Reverse osmosis: force water through a semi- permeable membrane - Leaves behind very salty water (brine) that is hard to dispose of

17. Global Water Issue Jigsaw 1. Klamath River 2. California Water Wars (see end of chapter)/Water Transfer Project 3. 3 Gorges Dam 4. Aswan Dam 5. Ogallala Aquifer 6. Colorado River Use 7. Aral Sea 8. China Water Transfer Project 9. Desalination in Israel # off by 9’s! This will be your group

18. Global Water Issues Poster Where (draw a map) Major projects/use of freshwater in the area Major issue/controversy surrounding water use Environmental costs Benefits to humans Any other pertinent info. Make it large and user friendly! We will use these to take notes next time