2.   Major transformations are occurring  Numerous & deepening ties  New ways of thinking are necessary  New ways of acting Premise of the course

3.   War & the significance of the Thirty Years’ War  Sovereignty & the sovereign state  a particular solution  to a particular problem  in a particular place  at a particular time  Yet: a powerful idea Traditional concerns

4.   Peace of Westphalia, a turning point  Cooperation intensifies  By late 1800s: laws of war  By mid-1900s: more laws of war & universal international organization  Intensification of relations & need for more law & organizations International law & more

5.   Between governments & between societies  Necessity of more international law & international organizations  for order  for predictability Increasing relations Government Country 1 Society Government Country 1 Society Government Country 1 Society Politics Migration Environment Economics Culture Crime

6.   A material reality and an intellectual leap  Problems and solutions no longer national  Making sense of what happens  identifying the causes  identifying the solutions  More importantly  who is responsible  who needs to acts & how Growing global awareness

7.   Shifting power distribution  Human rights & humanitarian intervention  Trade, finance & development  Environment & population  Wanted: more global governance Persistent issues Jackson Pollock Number 8 (1949)

8.  Paths to the future

9.   Untying some global ties  Recentering life on the state  Political sovereignty  Economic sovereignty Back to Westphalia

10. Localization  Environmental motivation  Meet local needs based on local conditions  Self-reliance  Political effects

11.   More than the state & less than the globe  Geographical proximity  Cultural similarity  Informal: coordination & harmonization  Formal: supranational institutions Regionalization

12.   Whole world & humanity as point of reference  Starting from current international institutions  Creating implementation & enforcement mechanisms  reforming & strengthening international law and organizations  creating new law & organizations  Democratic mechanisms on world scale Cosmopolitanism

13.  “[C]hange is the result of human actions, decisions, nondecisions, fear, courage, and other inherently intangible. We all are actors on the global stage, and we cannot absent ourselves from the judgments of history; in this light, we all have an obligation to be as informed as possible.” Allen Sens and Peter Stoett, Global Politics: Origins, Currents, Directions Conclusion Edvard Munch, The Scream (1893)