2. Classification - TAXONOMY  _____________________________________  plants  animals  microbes  etc. A good system will show ______________________________

3. Carolus Linnaeus  The Linnean system  proposed in 1700s  __________________________- each species has a 2 part name  __________________________  ______________– group of similar organisms that can interbreed AND produce fertile offspring Ex: female horse and male donkey = mule mules CANNOT breed => sterile Therefore horses and donkeys are different _____________ Homo sapiens Can also be written ____________

4. Latin - binomial nomenclature 2 part scientific name – _________________ — larger group to which organism belongs always capitalized – ________________ — specific name for that organism always lowercase – example: Linnaeus named humans _______ _________means “wise man” — perhaps in a show of hope & optimism Written either italicized OR underlined

5. Why not use common names? Misleading – Starfish – a fish??? – Dragonfly – a lizard??? Confusing I swim, but I’m still a bird!

6. What kind of names do viruses have?  Example – H1N1  Is that a scientific name?  NO Genus – NO species  WHY????  Viruses are NOT _________!

7. What variety! What similarity! Diversity of Life – there are so many different creatures on Earth – why are there differences (adaptations)? Unity of life – all creatures have _______________________ – common characteristics – why are they so alike?

9. – organize creatures by _____________ & _________________ how they are built how they live – organize them into groups of closely related (evolutionary) creatures Tree of Life Plants Animals Protists Fungi Bacteria Archaebacteria

10. How did we get here? Began with 3 groups –Next – 2 groups – plants and animals Plants – usually green; don’t move Animals – not usually green; move Invention of microscope – saw ____________ ______________ Invention of electron microscope – saw within cell structures had to come up with a new system – __________ ________________

11. Bacteria & Archaebacteria Classification System 3 ____________ - 6 ____________ Prokaryote Eukaryote

12. 3 Domain/6 Kingdom system 1. Archaebacteria – ALL Prokaryotes ____________________________ – Unicellular, cell wall – Auto AND hetertrophic – Live in ______________________________– example high temp, high salt, low oxygen, extreme pH – Oldest life forms in the fossil record 2. Eubacteria - ALL Prokaryotes ________________________________ – Unicellular, cell wall – Auto AND heterotrophic – Some ___________________________ – cause disease – ex. Strep throat, E. coli – Some ___________________________ – make vitamin K (in large int), yogurt Prokaryote

13. 3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system 3. Eukaryota - separate organelles in their cells _____________________ – Mostly unicellular; No cell wall – ____________________________________ – Are mobile (can move from place to place) – Ex: ameba, paramecium, algae, euglena ___________________ – Mostly multicellular; cell wall (chitin) – __________________________________ – Sessile – remain in on place – Ex: yeast, mushrooms, mold Eukaryote

14. 3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system 3. Eukaryota - separate __________________ in their cells ________________________ – Multicellular; cell wall (_________________) – Autotrophic - _________________________ – Sessile; has complex levels of organization – Ex: moss, ferns, flowers, trees ________________________ – Multicellular; has complex levels of organization – _______________________ – Mobile at some stage in life cycle – Very diverse group – ex: sponges, insects, worms, birds, fish, humans Eukaryote

15. Classification  _________ Number of organisms in each taxon decreases TRAITS go from general to specific Taxon(taxa) = group