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1 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 M. Fouaidy, D. Longuevergne, F. Dubois, O. Pochon Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay OST 2 nd Sound RESONATOR.

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Presentation on theme: "1 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 M. Fouaidy, D. Longuevergne, F. Dubois, O. Pochon Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay OST 2 nd Sound RESONATOR."— Presentation transcript:

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2 1 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 M. Fouaidy, D. Longuevergne, F. Dubois, O. Pochon Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay OST 2 nd Sound RESONATOR Low response time thermometer Detection and location of SRF bulk Nb cavities quench using 2 nd sound sensitive sensors in superfluid helium

3 2 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Introduction OST as 2 nd sound sensors Experimental set-up Transient response of fast thermometers to pulsed heat flux Effect of heat flux amplitude and distance to heat source Death of 2 nd sound and birth of 1 st sound Tests on QWR cavities Second sound resonator tests Outline

4 3 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 OST: Oscillating Superleak Transducer as 2 nd sound sensor Body of the Sensor 3 Al coated Polycarbonate Membrane SMA base conector Brass Electrode Epoxy resin (STYCAST 2651 MM) Ring of Gard ► Capacitive sensor: Cp~20 pF @300 K ► Brass made rigid electrode (at rest) ►Deformable active electrode: porous (pores diameter : 200 nm) polycarbonate membrane (thick.: 6-11 µm) coated with 50nm Al or Au on upper surface Two generations of OST Better spatial resolution Reliability Small footprint 1 st 2 nd

5 4 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 OST Heat source Bath heater Cenox BC Each test cells: 3 heaters, 2 sensors Cylindrical heaters:13, 24, 80 mm 2 SMD heaters:1.5, 2.5, 5mm 2 Shieldings Signal feed-through Experimental set up Configuration of 6 Test-cells ■ Pulsed power source ■ current source ■ Signal conditioning

6 5 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Response of cernox thermometers to a pulsed heat flux at 1.9 K CX1 at r1=20.4 mm CX2 at r2=35.8 mm  t=770 µs U 2 =20 m/s U 2 =18.77 m/s (Donnelly) Difference=6.1% Cell # 2,  P =100µs q pk =15.2 MW/m 2 Flat (SMD) heater Area: 2.5 mm 2

7 6 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Effect of peak heat flux q pk on response of OST at 1.9 K  p =100 µs  V OST  q pk Peak amplitude is proportional to peak heat flux

8 7 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Effect de q pk and the distance to heat source on the response of OST at 1.9 K Linear response with respect to q pk quadratic decrease with distance  V OST  q pk  V OST  1/r 2

9 8 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Birth of 1 st sound and death of 2 nd sound

10 9 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Tests with Spiral 2 QWR prototype OST assembly Locations of 4 OST 1 4 3 2 SP2  = v/c=0.12 Nb cavity with Ti Lhe Tank Magnetic field map

11 10 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Quench detection on SP2 QWR prototype Q0Q0 E acc (V/m) SP2 Specifications T=4.2 K T=1.8 K Quench à E acc =8.8 MV/m Response of OST to cavity quench Quench Transm. RF power E acc ~(Pt.Qt) 1/2

12 11 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Response of OST to cavity quench

13 12 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Trajectory of 2 nd sound signal when the cavity quenched 2 nd sound is reflected at adiabatic wall Quench source: Pulsed heat flux Direct 2 nd sound event reception 2 nd sound event not observed (too low signal)

14 13 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 2 nd Sound Resonator (SSR) ► 2 capillaries (F0.2, L= 250 mm ) ►CX BC resistors ►Two heaters ► Two in gasket at each extremity ► 8 Feed through ► 2 capillaries (F0.2, L= 250 mm ) ►CX BC resistors ►Two heaters ► Two in gasket at each extremity ► 8 Feed through SSR instrumentation Meas. Block diagram

15 14 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Measured 2 nd sound spectra (saturated HeII, T=1.7K, 1.9 K and 2.1 K) f  U 2 f  when T  Resonant frequencies T = 2.1768 K Positive resonant frequencies shift when T decreases

16 15 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 SSR in pulsed mode Excitation source is a heater T 0 =1.9 K q P ~1MW/m 2 Peak power: 9.5 W T 0 =1.9 K q P ~1MW/m 2 Peak power: 9.5 W CX receiver response CX receiver response

17 16 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 SSR in pulsed mode Excitation source is a heater OST receiver response T=1.9 K Peak power: 9.5 W q~1MW/m 2 T=1.9 K Peak power: 9.5 W q~1MW/m 2

18 17 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 BACKUP SLIDES

19 18 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 H S ~ 10 5 A/m Nb wall RF surface ILC Cavity @ à E acc =33 MV/m q BCS = 82 W/m 2 uniform What is a Quench of a SRF cavity? Ratio~400000 RF losses in superconducting Nb : Pcav Normal resistive defect Size: 1- 200 µm Resistance: R S = 1-10 m  q D =31 10 6 W/m 2 ) Q D = 97µW (r D =1µm) ► Defect Joule Heating & propagation (diffusion) ► Heating of Nb in the vicinity of defect Nb becomes Normal RF losses ↑(x10 6 ) ► Sise of normal zone D N ↑ until D N > D C A N/ A Cavity ~0.1 Liquid Helium ► Cavity undergoes a phase transition from superconducting to normal resistive state ► Joule RF losses increase by ~1 million! ► Cavity undergoes a phase transition from superconducting to normal resistive state ► Joule RF losses increase by ~1 million! Cold wall

20 19 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Quench and RF parameters t(ms) Pt Nb 1 cell Cavity 1.3 GHz ► Dissipations ↑ Quality Factor Q 0 ↓ Pr ↑ Pcav&Pt ↓ E acc  Pcav ↓ Dissipations ↓ Tcavity ↓ Q 0 ↑ Cavity matched ► Dissipations ↑ Quality Factor Q 0 ↓ Pr ↑ Pcav&Pt ↓ E acc  Pcav ↓ Dissipations ↓ Tcavity ↓ Q 0 ↑ Cavity matched Fast & strong decrease of Pt cavity mismatched Fast & strong decrease of Q 0

21 20 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Computed Temperature profil on the RF Surface

22 21 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 quench field computation: ILC cavity with 10µm Defect

23 22 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 First generation (~1980): Scanning or Fixed Resistive Surface Thermometers ►Scanning sensors- Intrinsic limitations: reduced efficiency, lack of reliability and reproducibility ► Fixed: a large number (>100) needed in order to insure a good spatial resolution Sensitive part (AB) Support Tip(Ag) Cavity Spring A brief history of Quench detection (1)

24 23 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 23 Cutt off frequency versus Tbath in He II: case of a porouse membrane (200 nm) T bain (K)f C (kHz) 1.8218 2.0135  : Viscous penetration depth Viscosity µ n of normal fluid component of He II : => all the normal fluid is locked to the wall for low frequency perturbations (f<f C ) => Only normal fluid within  is locked to the solid wall for high frequency perturbations (f>f C ) Porous membrane=High Pass Filter for Sound Wave

25 24 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Non polarized Membrane Polarized Membrane : ~100V -200V Two OST Polarisation of the membrane A voltage is applied to OST

26 25 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Propagation of pulses in mixed geometry:3-D 1-D Experimental Study of Non-Linear Second Sound Waves in He-II  T< 300 µK Efimov et al. (Déc. 2005)

27 26 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Effect of bath temperature on the response of OST U2  when T  U2  0 when T  T Experimental data of 2nd sound velocity in good agreement with previous mesaurements

28 27 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Quench induced Mechanical vibrations Quench Cavity mismatch RF Fields Decay Radiation pressure Mechanical shock on cavity wall Vibrations

29 28 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 FFT spectrum of vibrations induced by quench

30 29 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 2 nd Sound Resonator (SSR)

31 30 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Measured and computed resonant frequencies (first 11 modes)-1 st sound (u 1 = 1019 m/s) test He gas (T~300 K, P=1bar) Relative difference < 4.5 % Computed and mesaured Spectra of 1 st Sound in He Gas

32 31 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Computed resonant frequencies (first 21 modes, (m=0, n=1-21, p=1-6): 2 nd sound waves at T=1.7 K (u 2 =20.32 m/s ) Computed Spectrum : 2 nd sound in superfluid helium at T= 1.7 K

33 32 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Polarization voltage: Vbias =100V, Excitation voltage=1 V) Measured 1 st sound spectrum (saturated LHe, T=4.2K, P=1atm)

34 33 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Effect of bath temperature on 2 nd sound amplitude in the vicinity of T For T < 2.15 K A ~ ∆ ∝ /( )

35 34 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016 Polarization voltage: Vbias =100V, Excitation voltage=1 V) Measured 1 st sound spectrum (saturated LHe, T=4.2K, P=1atm) Resonant frequencies L R, R : resonator length& radius U: sound velocity

36 35 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016

37 36 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016

38 37 M. FOUAIDY ICEC26, New Delhi 9 March 2016

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