1. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1 Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials

2. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2 Learning objectives ●To work safely with tools and equipment using the correct PPE. ●To correctly identify and select hand tools and equipment for vehicle maintenance. ●To correctly prepare, use and maintain hand tools and equipment for vehicle maintenance. ●To identify, select and use materials and consumables for vehicle maintenance.

3. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3 Work safely with tools and equipment by using the correct PPE Overalls Goggles Steel toe-capped boots Latex gloves

4. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4 Work safely with tools and equipment by using the correct PPE Helmet Dust mask Ear muffs Gloves

5. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5 Hand tools – spanners Adjustable Pipe Ratchet Ring Open ended Combination

6. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6 Hand tools – screwdrivers Ratchet Phillips Torx Flat blade Pozidrive

7. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 7 Hand tools – hammers Ball pein Lump Copper/hide Rubber

8. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 8 Hand tools – chisels Mushroomed chiselChisels

9. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 9 Hand tools – saws A hacksaw is used for fabricating and cutting metal. A junior hacksaw is used for small cutting jobs or where access to cutting is difficult.

10. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 10 Hand tools – Allen keys

11. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 11 Hand tools – socket set Sockets Extensions Universal joints Breaker bar Ratchet

12. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 12 Side cutters/snips Hand tools – pliers and grips Long nose Engineer’s/bull nose Pipe grips Vice grips

13. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 13 Hand tools – torque wrench

14. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 14 Hand tools – measuring equipment Tape measure Tyre tread depth gauge Steel rule Feeler gauges

15. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 15 Equipment – lifting equipment Ramp Jack Crane Chocks Axle stands

16. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 16 Equipment – air tools Air wrench Blow gun Tyre inflator/gauge Air ratchet

17. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 17 Equipment – bench tools A bench drill is used to prevent you having to hold the drill in your hands (it is fixed to the bench). A bench grinder is used to sharpen tools or remove metal waste from components.

18. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 18 Equipment – portable electrical tools Hand drill Extension lead Hand lamp

19. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 19 Equipment – specialist tools Wheel alignment machine Waste oil drainer Exhaust extraction

20. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 20 Use of equipment – tightening sequences ●When removing a number of nuts or bolts holding a component together, always slacken in a spiral order moving inwards (towards the centre). ●When replacing a number of nuts or bolts holding a component together, always tighten in a spiral order moving outwards (from the centre out). ●If the nuts or bolts are an equal distance from the centre, for example a wheel held on to a hub, slacken and tighten in an ‘equal and opposite’ order.

21. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 21 Materials – ferrous metals Carbon (%)Ferrous metal 3.00Cast iron 1.20High carbon steel 0.50Medium carbon steel 0.25Mild steel 0.01Wrought iron

22. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 22 Materials – non-ferrous metals MetalAppearanceProperties AluminiumWhiteSoft, ductile, good conductor of electricity and heat, very light CopperRed-brownSoft, ductile, good conductor of electricity and heat TinSilver whiteMalleable, ductile LeadSilver whiteSoft, malleable, unaffected by acid, is very inelastic

23. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 23 Materials – alloy steel Typical motor vehicle components Typical alloy steel material Gudgeon pinsLow carbon, nickel steel ValvesNickel-chromium steel CrankshaftNickel-chromium-molybdenum steel Road springsSilicon manganese steel

24. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 24 Materials – aluminium alloys Aluminium alloyPropertyUse Cast alloys●Easy to cast●Pistons and cylinder heads Wrought alloys●Can be cold worked and extruded ●Frames and body panels ●Wheels and body mouldings

25. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 25 Materials – glass Toughened glass Laminated glass Glass Polyvinyl butyral

26. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 26 Materials – plastics MaterialsPropertiesVehicle application Nylon●Strong heat resistance ●Low coefficient of friction ●Bushes and bearings ●Speedometer drive gear ●Steering and suspension ●Electrical switches PTA●Self-lubricating●Light-duty bearings in small electric motor drive gears PVC●Good insulator ●Can be coloured ●Chemically resistant ●Reasonably heat resistant ●Electrical cable insulation ●Upholstery ●Fuel pipelines

27. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 27 Materials – fluids ●Lubricants ●Hydraulic oils ●Antifreeze ●Brake fluid ●Washer fluid

28. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 28 Materials – types of adhesives ●Contact ●Pressure-sensitive ●Synthetic ●Instant ●Hot

29. Chapter 2 Tools, equipment and materials © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 29 Materials – filters Oil filter Air filter Fuel filter