1. Responses of the Cardiovascular System to Physical Activity OCR A LEVEL PE Anatomy and Physiology Vascular System Structure and Function Vascular Regulation

2. In groups of 8 act out “Controlling the rate of conduction” You will need to create characters with lines to speak and actions to perform You will need narrator TASK

3. TASK Research and return with: 1.A copy of the vascular system Your diagram or text must include details on the systemic and pulmonary circulation systems. 2.A copy of blood vessel structure including: Veins, venuoles, capillaries, pre-capillary sphincters, arterioles and arteries. Title your research and limit yourself to a maximum of 1side of A4 for each task – DO NOT BACK

4. Circulatory Systems Key features - Discuss What is the function of the vascular system? How does it carry out its function?

5. Blood Vessel Structures

7. Student Comprehension Using Pg.83-86 Read, fill in the gaps and answer the questions in regards to: 1.Maintenance of VR 2.Distribution of Q 3.Introduction of the VMC

8. Diagram Summary VMC Vascular REGULATION

13. RECAP True or False? Blood carries O2 to the working muscles? 02 rich blood is in greater demand during exercise? Q increases according to exercise intensity? Ask yourself HOW does the O2 get transported? WHY does the O2 get transported?

14. O2 and CO2 Transportation Carbon Dioxide transport is achieved in three ways: 70% combined with water within red blood cells as carbonic acid 23% combined with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin 7% dissolved in plasma Oxygen transport is achieved in two ways: 97% transported within the protein haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin 3% dissolved in plasma HAEMOGLOBIN 1 = OXYGEN 4 (HIGH AFFINITY)

15. Performance and 0 2 /CO 2 Transport The efficiency of the CV system to deliver oxygen affects performance The actual transport of oxygen is therefore essential An efficient heart is very much wasted unless the blood it is pumping is carrying sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the working muscles.

16. Efficient Transport Efficient O2 and C02 transportation aids exercise because it: 1.Prolongs the duration of anaerobic and especially aerobic work 2.Delays anaerobic threshold, which… 3.Increases the possible intensity/work rate for the activity and… 4.Speeds up recovery during and after exercise.

17. Smoking’s impact on O 2 transportation Smoking has the obvious detrimental influences to breathing/lung disorders. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide (C0). Haemoglobin has a higher affinity to C0 (240+ times) so combines with CO in preference to O 2. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR PERFORMANCE? This reduces Hb0 2 association in the lungs and therefore the performers maximal O 2 uptake. As a result blood O2 transport is reduced This reduces the supply of O2 to the working muscles and the lactate threshold which decreases optimal performance.

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20. Responses of the Cardiovascular System to Physical Activity OCR A LEVEL PE Anatomy and Physiology Vascular System Warm up and Cool Down effects

21. Warm up & Cool down Effects on the Vascular System Group 1 - Try and think of the physiological reasons why we should warm up Group 2 - Try and think of the physiological reasons why we should cool down Bullet point your ideas.

22. STUDENT FEEDBACK Physiological effects on the vascular system Warm upCool Down

23. Warm Up EFFECTS Vasoconstriction of arterioles/precapillary sphincter to organs. Reduce OBLA Vasodilation of muscle arterioles/pre-capillary sphincters increasing blood flow delivery to working muscles. Increased body/muscle temperature causing a more rapid increase in transport of the enzymes required for energy systems and muscles contraction. Increase in body/muscle temperature = decreases blood viscosity = improving blood flow to working muscles and increases the dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin in muscle tissues.

24. Cool Down Effects Maintains blood flow (SV and Q) to supply oxygen, maintaining blood pressure. Maintains respiratory/muscle pumps which - prevents blood pooling in veins - maintains venous return Keeps metabolic activity elevated which gradually decreases HR and respiration. Keeps capillaries dilated to flush muscles with oxygenated blood, which increases the removal of blood and muscle lactic acid and carbon dioxide.