2. Heavy Industry Standard Grade Geography The Human Environment

3. Heavy Industry  The heavy industry is a manufacturing industry that uses heavy or bulky raw materials to make heavy or bulky goods. Can you think of any?

4. Location of Heavy Industries Near raw materials Near power supply Near cheap transport On flat land

5. Iron and steel making 1. The best location before 1800 2. The best location from 1800 to 1950 3. The best location since 1950

6. Location 1 - before 1800  The best location was:  Near the raw materials – iron ore and limestone  Near a power supply – wood  Near running water to drive the machines  The industry was located in forests, besides running water, where iron ore and limestone were found.

7. Location 2 – after 1800  Coal replaced wood as the fuel to heat the iron and drive the machines.  There was cheap transport now in the form of canals and railways,  So the industry was sited on or near coalfields, and located beside canals and railways.

8. Location 3 – after 1950  Iron ore had to be imported from abroad, and steelworks had become very large.  They were sited on very large areas of flat land located near coastal ports.

9. Re-cap 1800 - 1950Before 1800 Since 1950

10. Heavy industry in Scotland  In the 1880’s, central Scotland became one of the world’s most important industrial areas.  The four main industries at the time were coal-mining, iron & steelmaking, shipbuilding and engineering.

11. Scotland’s industrial past - Facts  The shipbuilding, iron and steel industries were all located around the Clyde.  By the start of the 20 th century, one-fifth of all ships in the world were launched on the Clyde.  There were 560 coal-mines and over 100 blast furnaces in central Scotland together with a vast range of other heavy industries.

12. This success did not last  After the 1920’s Scotland’s heavy industries began to decline.  There are now no coal-mines or large steel works in Scotland.  Only a few Scottish shipyards remain open. This is because there is no longer any steel made nearby and the Firth of Clyde is not deep enough for larger ships.

13. Your turn  Answer questions  On page 63

14. Clips BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clip s/4215.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clip s/4215.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clip s/4218.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clip s/4218.html  Take notes on the decline in Scottish Industry.

15. Re-cap  What are the location factor for heavy industry?  Why has heavy industry went into decline in the UK?

16.  Inertia: because it is always extremely expensive for industry to relocate elsewhere, many old industries have tended to stay in the locality where they were first established. This is called industrial inertia. Why do you think the heavy industries did not just move away to better locations? (For example to an area with resources or the need for their factory)

17.  Agglomeration: some industries attract others to locate beside them. Such a collection of industries is known as an agglomeration. Many heavy industries can be found close to each other, why do you think this is?

18. Brownfield site.  Land that has been developed on before.  For example an unused factory.

19. Greenfield site  Land that has never been developed on.  For example land in the green belt.

20. Heavy industry in the North East of England

21. Visual memory  Heavy industry in the North East of England.

22. Heavy industry in the North East of England

23. Introduction  In the 1800’s, the north-east of England changed from a farming region into an area of heavy industry.  This was mainly due to the large deposits of coal found in the area.

24. Introduction  The area became famous for shipbuilding and steel making.  But in the 1900s with these industries in decline other heavy industries started up, including chemical manufacture, oil refining and aluminium smelting.

25. Modern heavy industry  The heavy industry in the north-east of England is still very profitable because it makes the most of its surrounding advantages.  The industries have also realised the importance of agglomeration to their success.

26. Questions  Using the information on pages 65 and 66 of the Human Environment books answer questions:  Credit – page 68  General – page 64  Foundation – page 63  (Only answer one set of questions)

27. Case Study of Ravenscraig  See PP