1. Chapter Fourth Edition THE WORLD’S HISTORY Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek Contemporary History: Trade, Social Revolution, Technology, Identity 24

2. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade Economic—based on cheap transport and communication Political—based on freedom of movement Massive international investment –WWW as major globalizing tool –Problem of global outsourcing –“How Do We Know?”—Evaluating globalization

3. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade Need for caution: the Asian recession –1997 sudden deep recession in east & southeast Asia –Discovery that investments had been misused –IMF bailed out some countries—frightened off more investors Opposition to globalization –World Trade Organization protests –Creation of World Social Forum, 2001

4. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade China after 1976 –Deng Xiaoping (1904–97)  Economic liberalism, privatization of state holdings  Limit population growth –Continued liberalization of economy under Jiang Zemin –“How Do We Know?” panel—China’s economic growth

5. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade China after 1976 (cont.) –Flourishing economy, but...  Growing rich/poor divide  Large “floating population”  Environmental problems  Increase in corruption –Pro-democracy movement suppressed  Tiananmen Square massacre, 1989

6. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade China after 1976 (cont.) –Growth of NGOs –G. Shift in international relations  1997 return of Hong Kong to China  Tibet occupation  Support of Khmer Rouge in Cambodia  Improved relations with U.S.

7. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Trade Global organized crime –Drugs –Smuggling illegal immigrants –Sexual slavery –Trafficking in body parts –Money laundering –Trafficking in weapons –Trafficking in nuclear materials

8. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution South Africa –Colonial mistreatment of natives –1948 establishment of apartheid—legal system of segregation –African National Congress formed 1913 as protest party  Government crackdown, life imprisonment of Mandela –International sanctions

9. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution South Africa –Reform started 1990  ANC legalized, Mandela freed  Multi-racial elections 1994 gave ANC majority rule –Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1996–8  Healing of racial wounds  “How Do We Know?” panel—The Commission

10. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution Hutu/Tutsi enmity –Rwanda began c. 1860 as kingdom with Tutsi king  Discrimination against majority Hutus –Independence 1962—Hutu majority claimed rule

11. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution Hutu/Tutsi enmity (cont.) –Civil war  1994 genocide of Tutsis  Ended with seizure of government by Tutsi army invasion  Overflowed into Congo

12. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution Israel and Palestine –Jewish settlement in Palestine –British control  Balfour Declaration: promised Jewish state But also expressed policy of divide and rule –Jewish settlers = mostly European in education and philosophy  Arabs saw it as new colonialism

13. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek

14. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution –State of Israel founded 1948  Survived Arab attack  Palestinian refugees not absorbed into Arab states  1967 Israeli occupation of West Bank and Gaza Strip Increasingly harsh rule of Palestinian population –Inflamed Arab world  1. OPEC embargo  Intifada 1987 –Efforts at peace

15. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek

16. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution India—political life dominated by three issues –Muslims in public life –Mandal Commission  Pushed for expansion of affirmative action for “scheduled castes”  Listed 3,743 castes as “other backward castes”  Long debate on implementing recommendations Gradually being done  Also work against gender discrimination

17. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Social Revolution India—political life dominated by three issues (cont.) –Markets  1991 move toward free-market economy at demand of IMF  Uneven development one of leaders = Information Technology Migration

18. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek

19. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek On Technology Nanotechnology Ecological Technology On Identity: What Difference Does it Make?

20. Copyright ©2010, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The World’s History, Fourth Edition Howard Spodek