1. Valley Forge, PA

2. Siege Ratify Ambush Aid Strategy Mercenary Recruit Desert Inflation Blockade KEYTERMSKEYTERMS

3. Advantages in the American Revolution ( ENG / Colonies ) England : Strongest Navy in the World Well trained Army Supported by wealth ( money ) England has a pop. Of 8 million Colonies : They knew the terrain ( land ) Sneak attack warfare ( guerrilla warfare ) They did not have to travel across the Atlantic Ocean Fighting for independence / Great Leadership The War for Independence

4. England : Fighting for a king Had to travel across the Atlantic Did not know the land. Colonies : Facing greatest military in the world. Small untrained army Smaller population than GB Less money than GB. The War for Independence Disadvantages for England and the Colonies in the American Revolution

5. Patriots V. Redcoats Loyalists colonists loyal to GB, also known as Tories Hessians - German mercenaries ( hired soldiers ) helped GB Washington is the Leader of Continental Army Some African - Americans fought for the Patriots in the war. American victories in Trenton & Princeton helped moral during the 1776 Winter. American population was split during the war. –40% were Loyalists –40% were Patriots –10% were Quaker The War for Independence

6. Lexington - 1 st battle GB wins Concord – 2 nd Battle Patriots win Bunker Hill – GB wins, but realizes, war would not be easy to defeat Patriots Long Island – GB wins, Washington embarrassed & retreats across NJ to PA ( Valley Forge ) Battle of Trenton – Patriots win, boosts spirit of the army. The army nearly collapsed before the victory. Battle of Princeton – Patriots win. Battle of Philadelphia – Patriots win, British trapped, can ’ t help Burgoyne @ Saratoga !

7. War for Independence Battle of Saratoga, GB General John Burgoyne was forced to surrender after his plan backfires. Saratoga - was a Turning Point in the war for the Patriots. Because the Colonies gained the help of France. Yorktown - GB Surrenders ; Patriots Win the War !

12. (DON’T COPY) “An enemy of an enemy is a friend” Marquis de Layfayette (France) a 19 yr old general, and agrees to pay him for his services. France becomes an ally of the Patriots (DON’T COPY) In 1778 Spaniard Juan de Miralles, arrived in Philadelphia. He had persuaded Spain, Cuba, and Mexico to send money to the United States. Miralles became friends with many Patriot leaders and loaned money to the cause. *** SPAIN / FRANCE became major allies to the USA. *** Lafayette – France, helps Washington! de Miralles, Spain, helps Washigton!

13. Benjamin Franklin went to France, to gain French support during the revolution. Help does not come right away as Washington’s Army falls on hard times. Washington’s Army nearly falls apart @ Valley Forge. France & Spain come the Colonies aid after the Battle of Saratoga.

14. Winter 1778 Patriot forces suffer terrible winter at Valley Forge, PA. many Continental Army soldiers deserted. This didn’t help! They deserted due to the terrible winter @ Valley Forge, & lack of supplies such as food, shelter, and clothing. Friedrich Von Steuben a former Prussian military officer, helped train the Continental Army to be more effective fighting force following the winter.

15. Many wives of the soldiers had to run the family, the business or farms. The Continental Congress had a hard time paying for the war and the help they received during the war. They couldn’t raise taxes, so they just printed money… This caused inflation, as the money lost its value because there was not enough gold and silver to give the newly printed money any value Paper money is a simpler way to carry gold and silver. Slavery was in question at this time as well. New Jersey's governor, William Livingston, believes that slavery was inconsistent with the principles of Christianity and Humanity.

16. Not every American supported the war… Loyalists supported GB, some fought for GB, some spied for GB. Some Loyalists fled back to GB. Loyalists who stayed in USA were treated badly. They were shunned or ignored, victims of violence, sometimes arrested, and sometimes killed by Patriots.

18. Washington & Comte de Rochambeau were planing on attacking NYC. A French fleet arrived at NYC, but the 2 nd would go too far to the south towards VA. Rochambeau & Washington secretly headed south. They kept the plan to attack Yorktown, secret from their own soldiers. They did not want Clinton in NYC to find out and try to help Cornwalis at Yorktown.

19. 14,000 Patriots / French combined vs. 8,000 British / Hessians French Navy was waiting in the Chesapeake Bay for GB to try to escape GB Gen. Clinton was trapped in NYC, could not help. GB / Hessian supply lines were blocked Attack was led by Alexander Hamilton (yes the guy on the $10) Yorktown easily fell Treaty of Paris – Sept 1783 – signed and officially ends the conflict; GB also made peace with FRA / SPA

20. After the end of the war, General Washington planned to return home to Mount Vernon, VA. It was short lived as Washington had to stop the Newburgh Conspiracy. Continental Army soldiers stationed in Newburgh NY, threatened to attack Congress over money they believed they were owed. Washington had to act other wise an attack on Congress could destroy the new nation. Washington met with Congress and the soldiers were paid.

21.  Rachambeau Battle of Yorktown

22. Colonists knew the land Help from Spain / France (allies) Determination / spirit of the Patriots GB could not control the countryside cities. Help from Lafayette / Von Stueben