1. “An overview of guided missiles” Abhishek Kumar Prasad Mech. Engg. Sem- 6 th Bengal college of Engg. & Technology

2. BENGAL COLLEGE OFENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THIS SEMINAR PAPER PRESENTATION IS PREPARED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, KOLKATA. REPRESENTED BY, SIGNATURE ABHISHEK KUMAR PRASAD ROLL NO: 87001010 UNIVERSITY ROLL NO:08125007047 DATE DATE : 10.05.2011 SEAL OF THE DEPT. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF K.M.KUNDU (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF M.E. DEPARTMENT)

3. JUSTIFICATION “ an overview of guided missiles” is a general representation of information collected from the internet and other sources. This paper presentation provides a brief introduction of guided missiles. It does not provide some basic mathematical representation and concepts because it deals with some higher level physics and mathematics and some highly confidential issues associated with it. The reason behind this topic is that it is an interesting field where application of mechanical engineering is widely dominated. This is one of the latest and vital technology which could decide the future of next generation wars. This technology is the symbol of power and I support it because it will strengthen our nation’s power and this could give us an opportunity to be counted among the developed countries instead of being counted in Developing countrie s.

4. GUIDED MISSILES What is a missile? A rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control projectile.  contain a computer and other special equipment that guides them  missiles can even chase and destroy a moving targets miles away without being detected by the advanced radar systems  Other guided missiles fly under human control, though they carry no pilot  A jet engine, rather than a rocket motor, powers a few kinds of missiles  Guided missiles form an important part of a nation and defence army

5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MISSILE & ROCKET  A missile is any weapon which flies toward its target  could be anything from a rock that you pick up off the ground and throw at an enemy, to a spear, an arrow, a bullet, up to a multi-staged rocket carrying multiple MIRV-type nuclear weapons.  Where as, a rocket is simply a non-air-breathing object which is propelled by shooting a stream of gases out behind it.

6. TYPES OF MISSILES  SURFACE TO SURFACE V-1 & V-2 LAND BASED. V-1 & V-2 LAND BASED. LAND BASED STRATEGIC MISSILE. LAND BASED STRATEGIC MISSILE. SEA BASED STRATEGICAL MISSILE. CRUISE MISSILE. TACTICAL MISSILE  SURFACE TO AIR MISSILE SEA BASED MISSILE CRUISE MISSILE AIR LAUNCHED MISSILE NUCLEAR MISSILE

7. MISSILE COMPONENTS

8. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MISSILE DEFENCE  detecting the missile (or warhead)  discriminating it from anything else  fire control, that is, finding precisely where to shoot  finally aiming and killing it by hitting it either with some sort of interceptor or with a form of laser energy general principles of missile defence - what it takes to kill a missile or warhead - phase by phase. Boost phase  a missile destroyed in boost phase is destroyed regardless of where it is headed  Destroying it protects any and all targets it might have attacked  Boost phase defence thins the attack most efficiently, and lightens the load on other layers of defence

9.  killing missiles in boost phase requires less sophisticated sensors, less complex calculations, and less energy delivered onto the missile than does killing them in any other stage.  That is because in boost phase, missiles are obvious, slow, and vulnerable.  killing missiles in boost phase is difficult because of one requirement: all the equipment for detection, discrimination, fire control and killing must be present within range of the boosting missiles, and just at the time when their engines are burning  effectiveness of equipment for killing missiles resembles with real state—on location, location, location

10. MISSILES ARE EASY TO NOTICE AND HARD TO MISS Detection  Because of their sheer physical size—up to over 100 feet tall and ten feet in diameter—missiles reflect almost as much radar energy as do airliners  the moment that a missile perhaps 1,500 miles away rises above about 300 miles and thus above the horizon, it becomes visible  the time a missile rises above the atmosphere, it is going so fast that no interceptor launched at it from the ground could possibly catch up with it  by the time a tail chasing interceptor catches up with the missile, boost phase is over or nearly over, and the missile is releasing its warheads  radar detection of boost phase missiles is useful only if it happens very close to the places where the missiles are launched, and if the interceptors are located nearby as well

11. DISCRIMINATION  Once the radar sees the missile, however, there is no difficulty confirming what it is  Only a real missile reflects radar like a missile and accelerates like a missile  Any decoy would have to be another missile  The computer associated with the radar need only do an elementary calculation of the size of the radar target and its acceleration,  and compare it with profiles of known missiles.

12. FIRE CONTROL  Almost any modern well-placed radar can provide information accurate enough to calculate where a missile will be at any given time during its boost phase  and hence to launch an interceptor at that point.  Because boost phase missiles move slowly, the radar and its computer need not take many rapid, accurate measurements to calculate the point at which to aim the interceptor.  Nor will the missile travel far enough or fast enough to deviate significantly from the predicted course.

13. KILLING  Killing boost phase missiles does not require that interceptors possess either sophisticated guidance systems or a particularly lethal punch  require that interceptors get to very high speeds very fast  Since boost phase missiles are big and slow, the interceptor can home in on the radar energy that the missile reflects  In boost phase, a sophisticated heat seeking guidance system is not needed  A simple radar sensor is actually better  But regardless of the guidance system, a surface-based interceptor that goes after a boost phase missile does not have to make terribly fast calculations or tight turns  when an interceptor hits the body of a boosting missile, it will pierce it much more easily than it would a warhead  Once any interceptor or its fragments hit a boosting missile, it will explode

14. GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SECTION complete missile guidance system includes  electronic sensing systems that initiate the guidance orders  the control system that carries them out Basic guidance systems used in guided missiles  Homing-type,  air-launched, guided missiles are currently used Homing systems are classified as  Active homing system  semi active homing system  and passive homing system

15. INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF INDIA an Indian Ministry of defence program between the early 1980s and 2007 for the development of a comprehensive range of missiles Agni missiles (surface to surface) Agni – 1 strategic type Nuclear, HE, FAE, penetration, sub munitions, 700-800, 2002 Agni–2 strategic Nuclear, HE, FAE, penetration,sub munitions 2000-3000, 1999 Agni-3 strategic type Nuclear, HE, FAE, penetration, sub munitions 3500-5000, tested Agni-5 strategic Nuclear, HE, FAE, penetration, sub munitions 5000-6000,

16. Prithvi ballistic missiles (surface to surface) Prithvi -1 tactical, HE, FAE, sub munitions, chemical, 150, 1988 Prithvi-2 tactical, HE, FAE, sub munitions, chemical, 350, 1996 Prithvi-3 tactical, HE, FAE, sub munitions, chemical, 350-600,2004 Sagarika Dhanush

17. AKASH MISSILES (SURFACE TO AIR)  a medium range surface-to-air missile developed as part of India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program  most expensive missile project ever undertaken by the Union government in the 20th century. Development costs skyrocketed to almost US$120 million which is far more than other similar systems  Flies at supersonic speed, reaching around Mach 2.5  The missile is supported by a multi-target and multi-function  Trisul missiles also belong to same

18. NAG MISSILES (ANTI- TANK MISSILES)  Third generation warhead trained to fire and forget principle  Range 3 to 7 km  Nag uses Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) guidance with day and night capability. Nag can be mounted on an infantry vehicle; a helicopter launched version will be available soon  The missile uses an 8 kg tandem HEAT warhead capable of defeating modern armour including ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour)and composite armour.

19. BRAHMOS AND NIRBHAY (CRUISE MISSILES)  BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land  joint venture between Republic of India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO-Bangalore) and Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited. It is the world's fastest cruise missile in operation.  formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia  about three-and-a-half times faster than the USA’s subsonic Harpoon cruise missile  A hypersonic version of the missile is also presently under development (Lab Tested with 5.26 Mach Speed)  can gain a speed of Mach 2.8, and has a maximum range of 290 km.The ship-launched and land-based missiles can carry a 200 kg warhead can also engage land based targets. It can be launched either in a vertical or inclined position and is capable of covering targets over a 360 degree horizon.