2. NOW YOU SEE ME How does color of light affect pupil size? Zaynah Arif Per. 6/ Sci 5/9/14 Discovery Project Ophthalmology

3. FIELD DESCRIPTION Ophthalmology is the branch of medical science dealing with the eye. I chose this field, since I am curious about how the eye works. I find the eye marvelous with amazing complexity and is an extremely useful, and interesting organ.

4. FUTURE CAREER Ophthalmologist Specializes in eye and vision care, research about eye diseases Play a key role in eye care

5. TIMELINE 1802 – Humphry Davy invented the incandescent light bulb. Impact/ Relationship 1911 - Allvar Gullstrand won the Nobel Prize for his work on the refraction of light through the eye.

6. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DIAGRAM Title: How does color of light affect pupil size? Hypothesis: If color of light is red, then the pupil size will decrease, because the human eye contains more red cone cells than other colors, affecting pupil response of contracting. Independent Variable: Color of Light Levels of the MV: Red Blue Green Number of Trials: 6 66 Dependent Variable: Pupil Size (mm) Controlled Variables: Distance from light, eye, color of eye, measuring technique, height of light from the ground, time in between trials, watt of light bulbs, time allowing pupil to adjust to light, type of light bulb

7. BACKGROUND RESEARCH The pupil is a key part of the eye, that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. Cone cells are light – sensitive cells in the retina, that are responsible for high resolution, bright light, and color vision.

8. EXPERIMENT 1.2.

9. SAFETY Light bulbs may be hot after use, be careful when switching light bulbs. Do not drop of play around with the light bulbs; they might break and cause injures. Do not poke the eye with the metric ruler.

10. DATA TABLE Title: How does color of light affect pupil size? IndependentDependent Variable: Variable: Pupil Size (mm) Color of Light Levels of IVAverage Red5.17 Blue4.17 Green4.67

11. GRAPH

12. OBSERVATIONS Eyes immediately adjusted when light turned on. The eye was moving a lot.

13. CONCLUSION Pupil size changes as the color of light changes. With the red light, the pupil was an average of 5.17mm. Using the blue light, the pupil had an average diameter of 4.17mm. The color blue creates high sensitivity, so the pupil contracts to resist light coming in. Ganglion cells are responsive to blue wavelengths they perceive.

14. APPLICATION To improve the experiment, the person could be sitting and looking at the light, instead of standing. A future experiment, how does type of light affect pupil size? Conducting more experiments about the eye will further knowledge, and help find cures and treatments.

15. WORK VALUES 1.Excitement 2. Help Society 3. Location

16. PERSONAL SUMMARY Ophthalmology is a very interesting field, while trying to uncover new information, unlocking the complexity of the eye. Advantages Expanding knowledge Creating impact Disadvantages Not a fast pace Lots of research, repetitive