1. Chapter 25 section 2 & 3

2.  Multiple bonds between carbons can also exist  Alkenes- hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds  Unsaturated compounds- organic compounds that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Does NOT contain the max H atoms.  To name an alkene, find the longest chain that contains the double bond.  It receives the name of an alkane, but with the ending –ene  The chain is numbered so that the carbon double bond receives the lowest number  Substituent's still receive the same name as in alkanes

3.  Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds  Not plentiful in nature  The simplest alkyne is ethyne or acetylene- common gas used for welding  Named the same as alkanes; except remove the ending and add –yne

4.  Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures  Ex) butane  2-methylpropane or isobutane  Differ in physical properties like boiling point and melting point, different chemical reactivity

5.  Differ in the geometry of their substituted groups  Trans configuration- substituted groups on opposite sides of double bond  Cis configuration- substituted groups are on the same side of the double bond  Geometric isomerism is possible whenever each carbon of the double bond has at least one substituent

6.  Molecules of the same molecular structure that differ only in the arrangement of the atoms in space- Mirror images  Asymmetric carbon- carbon with 4 DIFFERENT groups attached  Molecules with asymmetric carbon have hardness (resist shape change)