1. Shelter Cluster Tajikistan REACT February 2010

2. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training2

3. 1. You will receive a piece of paper with two numbers, one in red and the other in blue 2. Find the person with the same number in blue as you have in red. 3. Interview the person and collect the following information ◦ Their name ◦ What they do ◦ Where they work ◦ What they have done involving Emergency Shelter Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training3

4. Please write on a piece of paper why you have come to the training Emergency Shelter Training Objectives Increase the number of individuals with an understanding of ◦ What post-disaster emergency shelter is ◦ The humanitarian standards involved in emergency shelter ◦ How post-disaster shelter should be delivered Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training4

5. Will BeWon’t Be  Tents  What is shelter  Why is shelter needed  Plastic sheets  Choosing shelter options  Cross cutting issues  Emergency shelter planning  Non-food items  Camp management  Establishing camps  Decommissioning camps  Building permanent shelter  Water, sanitation or hygiene  Where to get a pizza  And a lot of other things…. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training5

6.  Break into small groups and discuss the following questions: 1. Why is shelter important? 2. Why is shelter important after a disaster? Note your comments on 2 flip charts. You have 15 minutes for the discussion. One person from each group will have to present the results of the discussion. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training6

7. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 3 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 12 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Article 13 Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. Article 17 Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. Article 25 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, … Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training7

8. In your groups, discuss What is shelter? Note your conclusions on one or more flip charts. You have 15 minutes. One person from each group will have to present the results of the discussion. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training8

9.  A place of protection (from weather, threats….)  A place of livelihoods  A place to keep possessions  A place that provides services (heating, cooling, water, sanitation)  An investment  A place where certain social or personal actions take place.  Others: ???? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training9

10. In your groups, identify what should be the minimum standards for shelter after a disaster. Note your standards on one or more flip charts. You have 15 minutes. One person from each group will have to present the results of the discussion. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training10

11. “…standards are general statements that define the minimum level to be attained in a given context; “…indicators act as ‘signals’ that determine whether or not a standard has been attained; while the guidance notes provide additional information.” Don’t confuse standards with indicators! From Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training11

12. Shelter and settlement standard 1: strategic planning Existing shelter and settlement solutions are prioritised through the return or hosting of disaster-affected households, and the security, health, safety and well- being of the affected population are ensured. Shelter and settlement standard 2: physical planning Local physical planning practices are used where possible, enabling safe and secure access to and use of shelters and essential services and facilities, as well as ensuring appropriate Shelter and settlement standard 3: covered living space People have sufficient covered space to provide dignified accommodation. Essential household activities can be satisfactorily undertaken, and livelihood support activities can be pursued as required. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training12

13. Shelter and settlement standard 4: design The design of the shelter is acceptable to the affected population and provides sufficient thermal comfort, fresh air and protection from the climate to ensure their dignity, health, safety and well-being. Shelter and settlement standard 5: construction The construction approach is in accordance with safe local building practices and maximises local livelihood opportunities. Shelter and settlement standard 6: environmental impact The adverse impact on the environment is minimised by the settling of the disaster-affected households, the material sourcing and construction techniques used. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training13

14. Discuss this question in your group. Refer back to our discussions on What is Shelter? And the Right to Shelter. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training14

15. Shelter is more than a building and incorporates the social, livelihoods and facilities needed to live appropriately in a location Shelter needs to include:  Water and sanitation  Space for livelihoods  Safety ◦ From the weather ◦ From human threats to safety ◦ From natural and other hazards Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training15

16.  What are non-food items? (give me some examples…)  Why are they important?  Why are they usually associated with shelter assistance after a disaster?  Non-Food Items Items necessary to create shelter, including blankets, mattresses, flooring, stoves, water containers, clothing, cooking sets, sometimes tents and construction materials Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training16

17. Non-food items standard 1: clothing and bedding The people affected by the disaster have sufficient clothing, blankets and bedding to ensure their dignity, safety and well-being Non-food items standard 2: personal hygiene Each disaster-affected household has access to sufficient soap and other items to ensure personal hygiene, health, dignity and well-being. Non-food items standard 3: cooking and eating utensils Each disaster-affected household has access to cooking and eating utensils. Non-food items standard 4: stoves, fuel and lighting Each disaster-affected household has access to communal cooking facilities or a stove and an accessible supply of fuel for cooking needs and to provide thermal comfort. Each household also has access to appropriate means of providing sustainable artificial lighting to ensure personal security. Non-food items standard 5: tools and equipment Each disaster-affected household responsible for the construction or maintenance and safe use of their shelter has access to the necessary tools and equipment. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training17

18. Transition settlement: displaced populations

19. In your groups, brainstorm as to what the term “post disaster shelter” means: What is it, how is it provided and who gets it? You have 15 minutes for the discussion. Note your comments on flip charts. One person from each group will present the results of the discussion. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training19

20.  Emergency  Transition  Permanent In your group, create a definition for each Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training20

21. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDPShelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training21 Time line Disaster/ emergency Emergency shelter Transitional shelter Permanent reconstruction

22.  Emergency: Shelter created immediately after a disaster  Transition: Shelter created while survivors are waiting for permanent shelter  Permanent: Shelter repaired or rebuild after a disaster which is intended to replace the shelter used before the disaster In your group, create a definition for each Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training22

23. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training23 Shelter Centre Training Programme

24. The provision of basic and immediate shelter needs necessary to ensure the survival of disaster affected persons, including ‘rapid response’ solutions such as tents, insulation materials, other temporary emergency shelter solutions, and shelter related non-food items. IFRC “Emergency Shelter Cluster: Contingency Planning Process Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training24

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26. Transitional shelter provides:  a habitable covered living space  a secure, healthy living environment  privacy and dignity for those living within it  sheltering during the period between a conflict or natural disaster and the achievement of a durable shelter solution Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training26

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28. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training28 Architecture for Humanity, Sri Lanka Architecture for Humanity, Bam, Iran

29. Brainstorm on the ways that the following types of shelter can be provided:  Emergency  Transitional  Permanent Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training29

30.  Emergency: immediate protection from weather; minimum safety and security; uses locally available materials and some emergency assistance, basic services  Transitional: Durable protection from weather, safe and secure, uses local and emergency assistance; can be 100% recycled and recyclable, Sphere minimum standards  Permanent: Provides full safety and protection, exceeds minimum standards Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training30

31. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training31 Emergency shelter needs are highly dependent on: 1.Weather : Cold weather means more shelter needs, delivered quicker 2.Culture: Social norms may demand more shelter, immediately 3.Resources already available: Most disaster survivors find (school, host family) or build their own emergency shelter

32.  Brainstorm on how livelihoods and shelter are linked. Recall the discussion on “Some Characteristics of Shelter”  Shelter provides a place to pursue livelihoods  Creating shelter provides livelihoods Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training32

33.  Land Tenure  Location  Access  Availability of work  Access to natural resources  Others: ????? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training33

34. List four ways shelter is created…. 1. Owner-built 2. Communal labor 3. Contractor 4. Donated 5. Acquired 6. Others? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training34

35.  Each group should list three types of shelter which exist in Tajikistan on a flip chart You have 5 minutes  Now indicate how you would provide emergency shelter to each type of shelter after an earthquake  Now indicate how you would provide transitional shelter to each type of shelter after an earthquake. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training35

36.  Phases of post disaster shelter: ◦ "Emergency" ◦ "Transitional" ◦ Permanent  How is shelter created?  Livelihoods and shelter  Land tenure and other issues  What are the typical shelter types in Tajikistan? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training36

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38. Can anyone tell me what the “Cluster Approach” is?  a mechanism that can help to address identified gaps in response and enhance the quality of humanitarian action.  …part of a wider reform process aimed at improving the effectiveness of humanitarian response by ensuring greater predictability and accountability, while at the same time strengthening partnerships between NGOs, international organizations, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and UN agencies. (INTER-AGENCY STANDING COMMITTEE (IASC) GUIDANCE NOTE ON USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH TO STRENGTHEN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE 24 November 2006) Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training38

39. Global  Agriculture: FAO  CCCM: UNHCR/IOM  Early Recovery: UNDP  Education: UNICEF/SCF  Shelter: UNHCR/IFRC  Telecommunications: OCHA  Food: WFP  Health: WHO  Logistics: WFP  Nutrition: UNICEF  Protection: UNHCR  WASH: UNICEF Tajikistan  Shelter: IFRC/UNHCR  WASH: UNICEF  Health: WHO  Food Security: WFP/FAO  Education: UNICEF/SCF  Early Recovery: UNDP (inactive) Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training39

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41. In your groups, identify issues which are linked to shelter after a disaster. You have 5 minutes, and the group with the most correct answers wins! Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training41

42.  Water  Sanitation  Gender  Age  Health  Logistics  Environment  Fuel  Protection  Safety  Agriculture  Hygiene  Livelihoods  Education  Governance  Others? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training42

43. List who is responsible for each issue  Water  Sanitation  Gender  Age  Health  Logistics  Environment  Fuel  Protection  Safety  Agriculture  Hygiene  Livelihoods  Education  Governance  Early Recovery Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training43

44.  Environmental conditions often contribute to disasters.  Disasters can result in negative environmental impacts.  Relief aid can have positive or negative environmental impact.  Environmental impact assessment needs to be systematically incorporated into disaster management. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training44 The Environmental Problem

45.  Disasters often create a lot of debris. How will it be used, and deposed of?  Where will the natural resources come from to rebuild? Rebuilding can use resources at more than 20 times the rate of normal.  Reconstruction of shelter can have a positive impact on the environment  Failing to properly manage environment- shelter linkages will usually result in greater hardship for the disaster survivors Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training45

46. Emergency Shelter Environmental Impact Assessment and Action Checklist Identifying Critical Environmental Considerations in Shelter Site Selection, Construction, Management and Decommissioning Integrating Critical Environmental Issues into Emergency Shelter Cluster Activities Project ProAct and CARE International Funded by Emergency Shelter Cluster Under UNHCR Project CLUS-07/ESC04 Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training46

47.  Identifies critical environmental issues through a check-list approach  Identifies actions to address the issues, and sources of additional information.  Takes between 30 and 45 minutes to complete  Can be used for planning shelter sites and shelter provision Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training47

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51.  We will go around the room and each person is to say something that they learned today.  Anything we missed? Tomorrow:  Post-Disaster Shelter Options  Planning Emergency Shelter  Shelter and Climate  Tents and other emergency shelter options  Humanitarian Emergency Assistance Package  Plan for Day 3 Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training51

52.  We will go around the room and each person is to say something that they learned yesterday  Anything we missed? Today:  Post-Disaster Shelter Options  Planning Emergency Shelter  Shelter and Climate  Tents and other emergency shelter options  Humanitarian Emergency Assistance Package Any Questions? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training52

53. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training53 This session provides an introduction to post- disaster emergency shelter options in Tajikistan. Refer to Transitional Shelter and Reconstruction After Natural Disaster for more details on transitional shelter and recovery.

54.  Shelters (self) build from disaster debris  Plastics sheeting  Tents  Family members  Friends and relatives  Public buildings (e.g., schools)  Abandoned buildings  Rentals  Relocation  Others? Pick one option and answer the following: 1. Will this option work in Tajikistan? 2. What are possible problems? 3. What are possible advantages? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training54

55. List why camps or communal settings are used after a disaster: 1. Logistics easier 2. Administration easier 3. Services easier 4. Control easier 5. Looks good List why camps or communal settings are not a good idea after a disaster: 1. Social problems 2. Health problems 3. Security 4. People moves from their land and possessions 5. Livelihoods 6. Need to provide extensive support (food, water, sanitation, etc.) Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training55

56. Transition 1. Temporary 2. Meets basic needs, but for more than a few days 3. Allows restarting of social and livelihood activities 4. Social and Economic services 5. Can become permanent (which may not be good) Recovery 1. Repair, replace or rebuild? 2. Rebuilding shelter is not just rebuilding a house, but rebuilding all the aspects of life: water, sanitation, livelihoods, schools, clinics, markets, roads, etc. 3. Repair is a lot easier than replace or rebuild. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training56

57. In your groups list what you need to know to plan emergency shelter? (Note: look at the Sphere Standards). 1. Number of people affected 2. Where they are located 3. Weather and other conditions 4. What damage has been done Can anyone tell me how to get this information? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training57

58. REACT Damage/Needs Assessment Includes questions on damage to housing, assets lost and available and options which a family has to build their own shelter and what other assistance is needed. Physical Damage Assessment Conducted by a GoT Commission following a disaster to assess the level of physical damage done (as percent damaged). Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training58

59. For each of the following situations, define a shelter option: 1. Flooding of 700 houses but no damage to the structure of the house 2. Earthquake, for 532 houses which are more than 50% damaged. 3. 491 houses totally damaged by a mudslide, with more mudslides expected. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training59 Tell me: 1.What is the best immediate shelter option? 2.Using the Sphere Standards, calculate how much space will be needed for the affected populations (presuming they can’t remain in their homes) 3.What else might you provide in addition to shelter? (Make a list.)

60. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training60 Roof coverings: thatch, clay tiles, CGI metal sheeting, concrete, plastic sheeting, woven bamboo Walls/structure: stones, adobe mud brick, clay bricks, steel beams, reinforced concrete, bamboo, reed mats Floors: earth, concrete, brick Humanitarian timber project Sourcing Resources

61. List places where you can get specific emergency shelter materials (indicate the material and the source) 1. UNERT: tents, plastic, stoves. What else? 2. The “Market”: What? 3. IFRC/RCST: What 4. CoES: What? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training61

62. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training62  145 Household non-food items (NFIs)- cooking sets, blankets, etc. Shelter non-food items (NFIs)- construction timber, tools, etc. Transitional shelter- habitable, covered, healthy, secure, private living space achievement of a durable shelter solution Community labour- for simple designs and traditions of self-building Contracted labour- for large or complex projects, infrastructure Direct labour- for small projects and rapid response Cash- dispersed directly to beneficiaries in phases Vouchers- an alternative to cash for materials or services Local information centres- for info throughout the response Capacity building- integrates training Technical expertise- to support all assistance methods 10 + 1 Common Assistance Methods From Shelter Centre, Shelter Training 08b, Nov. 2008

63.  Assess needs/rights  Provide emergency assistance  Assess needs  Provide transitional assistance  Assess needs  Support permanent shelter  Assess impact Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training63

64. Most shelter after most disasters is provided by the disaster survivors. Emergency shelter should support this effort and not seek to stop or dramatically change these efforts. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training64

65.  Humanitarian Emergency Assistance Package  Designed by the Shelter Cluster in 2008  Provide basic shelter and NFI supplies for a “standard” family  Provides specifications for items  Presumes a family will supply some of their own shelter/NFI needs  Not sufficient for winter. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training65

66.  UNERT stocks based on HEAP.  Because HEAP is designed to respond to typical disasters in Tajikistan it can be used as the basis for assistance before a complete assessment is done.  Please review HEAPS list and see if you have any questions or suggestions on the items listed. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training66

67. List some ways emergency shelter should be different in Winter. List some ways emergency shelter should be different in Summer. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training67

68. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDPShelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training68 Survivor 1 Clothes, blankets 2 Roof 3 Mattress 4 Wind proofing 5 Stove & fuel 6 Insulated floor 7 Insulated roof

69. Caritas and Mission East

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71.  We start at 0900 at [add location]  The field exercise will take place at [add location]  Each team will have to either:  Put up two tents Or  Put up one tent and build a shelter The team which does the best gets an award!  We have [add number] of tents and all the tools and resources needed.  Dress warmly and for work! Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training71

72. We will meet after the field exercise to discuss  Further training needs  Terms of reference  Pre-disaster planning requirements  Season planning for shelter needs (the coming Floods?)  And have Lunch. Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training72

73.  Tell me what your learned today….  Anything we missed? Tomorrow:  Be at [add location] at [add time]  Dress appropriately  You will get lunch at the closing session Any Questions? Feb 2010 DRMP UNDP Shelter Cluster Emergency Shelter Training73