1. Present Perfect Continuous/Present Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Form- Have/Has + been + verb-ing Form- Have/Has + been + verb-ing Ex. Helen has been talking for 5 hours. Ex. Helen has been talking for 5 hours. Meaning -indicates an action that began in the past and continues into the present Meaning -indicates an action that began in the past and continues into the present

2. Present Perfect Continuous Negatives Place NOT after the HAVE form. Place NOT after the HAVE form. Ex. Vicki has NOT been saying anything very interesting! So, what else is new? Ex. Vicki has NOT been saying anything very interesting! So, what else is new?

3. Present Perfect Continous Questions Yes/No Questions Yes/No Questions Move the HAVE form to the front of the question Move the HAVE form to the front of the question Ex. Has Vicki been saying anything interesting? No! Ex. Has Vicki been saying anything interesting? No!

4. Present Perfect Continuous Questions WH-Questions WH-Questions Move the WH-question word form to the front of the yes/no question. Move the WH-question word form to the front of the yes/no question. Ex. Has Vicki been teaching ESL for a long time? Ex. Has Vicki been teaching ESL for a long time? Why has Vicki been teaching ESL for a long time? Why has Vicki been teaching ESL for a long time?

5. Action may be continuous Action may be continuous Ex. Chan’s been daydreaming for 2 hours. Ex. Chan’s been daydreaming for 2 hours. Or periodic Or periodic Ex. Abdul’s been designing a sports car. (periodically; a little each day) Ex. Abdul’s been designing a sports car. (periodically; a little each day) Sometimes the time when the action began is not in the sentence. It is in the speaker’s mind. Ex. Dong’s been waiting for Bich to show up. Sometimes the time when the action began is not in the sentence. It is in the speaker’s mind. Ex. Dong’s been waiting for Bich to show up.

6. Compared to Present Continuous Compared to Present Continuous Action is happening now, but no indication of when it began Action is happening now, but no indication of when it began Ex. Deepti and Tobey are shopping at the mall. VS. Ex. Deepti and Tobey are shopping at the mall. VS. Deepti and Tobey have been shopping since this morning! Deepti and Tobey have been shopping since this morning!

7. Except when present perfect continuous is used for a finished action if Except when present perfect continuous is used for a finished action if a. action ended very close to now and a. action ended very close to now and b. we want to emphasize long duration or hardship b. we want to emphasize long duration or hardship Ex. Ma’s been looking for you everywhere! Ex. Ma’s been looking for you everywhere!

8. Present perfect continuous is not used with non-actions verbs or adverbs of frequency; use present perfect instead. Present perfect continuous is not used with non-actions verbs or adverbs of frequency; use present perfect instead. Ex. Jeong has always been disliking ESL 123.(NO) Ex. Jeong has always been disliking ESL 123.(NO) Jeong has always disliked ESL 123.(YES) Jeong has always disliked ESL 123.(YES)

9. Present perfect Continuous is used with words like: Present perfect Continuous is used with words like: Since, for, all day, in the past week, recently, lately Since, for, all day, in the past week, recently, lately Ex. I’ve been bothering Vicki in class for the last three weeks! Ex. I’ve been bothering Vicki in class for the last three weeks! Omit have and been with compound verbs Omit have and been with compound verbs Ex. Vicki’s been thinking about punishing Sikander and putting him in a corner. Ex. Vicki’s been thinking about punishing Sikander and putting him in a corner.