1. Subject:Translation of terminology Theme : Active voice and Passive voice

2. Plan: 1.The formation of the Passive Voice. 2.The use of the Passive Voice. 3.The use of tenses in the Passive Voice. 4.Examples for Passive and Active Voice.

3. The formation of the Passive Voice The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the national verb. The Present, Past and Future Indefinite passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb.

4. Present Indefinite Passive I am invited He is invited She is invited We are invited You are invited They are invited

5. Present Indefinite Passive I am invited He is invited She is invited We are invited You are invited They are invited Past Indefinite Passive I was invited He was invited She was invited We were invited You were invited They were invited

6. Future Indefinite Passive I shall be invited He will be invited She will be invited We shall be invited You will be invited They will be invited

7. The Present, Past and Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Perfect of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb. For example: I have been invited You had been invited They will have been invited

8. The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb. For example: I am being invited I was being invited The Future Continuous, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous are not found in the Passive voice.

9. The use of the Passive V.oice The Passive Voice can be used: Without the doer of the action being mentioned. In this case the doer is either unknown or unimportant.

10. The use of tenses in the Passiv Voice The uses of tenses in the Active and in the Passive Voice are the same. Present Indefinite : New schools are built every year. Past indefinite: This school was built a month ago. Future Indefinite: A new school will be built in our village in spring.

11. Present perfect: The school has been built this month. Past Perfect: The school had been built by the 1 st of September. Future Perfect: I am sure the school will have been built by the 1 st of September. Present Continuous: A new school is being built in our street. Past Continuous: when I returned to town the school was still being built.

12. Example 1 a.(Active Voice) a. Joe makes a cake. (Active Voice) b.(Passive Voice) b. A cake is made by Joe (Passive Voice) Changes made : 1.In a, the subject is the doer of the action. In b, the subject is the receiver of the action. 2.In b, the verb is changed into the passive form (Be + past participle). Be Past participle 3. In b, ‘by’ is added before the doer of the action. doerreceiver doer

13. Example 2 a.. (active voice) a. Wayne cleans the clothes. (active voice) b.(passive voice) b. The clothes are cleaned by Wayne. (passive voice) BePast participle Example 3 a.(active voice) a. Andy ate the cake. (active voice) b.(passive voice) b. The cake was eaten by Andy. (passive voice) BePast participle simple present tense simple past tense

14. Example 4 a.(active voice) a. Nicky will do the housework. (active voice) b.(passive b. The housework will be done by Nicky. (passive voice) voice) BePast participle Example 5 a. (active voice) a. Rocky is washing the dishes. (active voice) b.(passive b. The dishes are being washed by Rocky. (passive voice) voice) BePast participle future tense present continuous tense

15. Example 6 a.(active voice) a. Cherry was using the computer. (active voice) b.(passive b. The computer was being used by Cherry. (passive voice) voice) BePast participle Example 7 a.(active voice) a. Jackie has written two compositions. (active voice) b. (passive voice) b. Two compositions have been written by Jackie. (passive voice) Be Past participle past continuous tense present perfect tense

16. How to change the verb to be? TenseVerb to be Simple present tenseis / am /are Simple past tensewas / were Future tensewill be Present continuous tenseis / am / are being Past continuous tensewas / were being Present perfect tensehas been Modal verbsVerb to be can / should / must…etccan be / should be / must be….etc

17. How to change negative sentences into passive voice: Example 8 a.(active voice) a. Cindy did not break the window. (active voice) b.(passive voice) b. The window was not broken by Cindy. (passive voice) simple past tense Be past participle Example 9 a.(active voice) a. Amy will not buy the tickets. (active voice) future tense b.(passive voice) b. The tickets will not be bought by Amy. (passive voice) Be past participle

18. We use the passive voice when: 1. we don’t know who / what the doer is. Eg.: The rich man was killed. 2. the doer is obvious. Eg.: The driver was fined for speeding. 3. the doer is not important. Eg.: The rubbish is removed.

19. Thank you for your attention!