2. Chapter 28 (954-958) Objective~ Discuss how the Allies turn the tide of war in their favor

3. Allied invasion~ North Africa “Operation Torch” (1942-1943)  Battle of El Alamein  Montgomery (BR) halted Rommel  forced to surrender May 1943  Over 275,000 G. troops Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”) Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox”

4. Allied Home Fronts Total War Gov. increased their power Women’s role –Rosie the Riveter

5. Invasion of Italy (July 1943) “Soft Underbelly” of the Axis Italians overthrew Mussolini (armistice) Hitler tried to rescue Mussolini –Opened another front

6. Teheran Conference (Nov 1943) “Big Three” –Winston Churchill – Great Britain FDR – United States Joseph Stalin – U.S.S.R. Focus~ finish war in Europe than focus on the Pacific

7. D-Day~ June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord General Dwight D. Eisenhower Allied troops landed in Normandy, France Liberation of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, & the Netherlands

8. Invasion of Normandy D-Day Began an 11 month campaign leading to the downfall of the Third Reich

9. Germany Retreats 1944

10. Operation Valkyrie July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot Operation Valkyrie July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot Major Claus von Stauffenberg 1. Adolf Hitler 2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel 3. Gen Alfred von Jodl 4. Gen Walter Warlimont 5. Franz von Sonnleithner 6. Maj Herbert Buchs 7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz 8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein 9. Col Nikolaus von Below 10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss 11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant 12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured) 13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend 14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured)

11. Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s Last Attempt Goal~ Split the Allies in two (cut off supplies) Failed

12. The Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) A United Nations would be formed The USSR would help in Pacific… After the WWII (Distrust) –Free elections = E. Europe –Germany would be divided into 4 occupation zones

13. The End is Near… Allies surround Berlin Hitler commits suicide Germany Unconditionally Surrenders (General Keitel) –V-E Day -Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945)

14. Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 The F ü hrer’s Bunker Cyanide & Pistols Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

15. Now for the Pacific The Japanese won’t surrender –Iwo Jima and the island of Okinawa (very bloody battles) –Kamikaze fighters~ Suicide bombers

16. Meanwhile… 1945 U.S. Pres. FDR dies from a stroke –Harry Truman takes office FDR Truman

17. Invasion or Bomb? President Harry Truman's fatal decision –Dropped Bomb to… save American Lives, end war quickly, already spent 2 billion, prove that we are better than communism Potsdam Declaration –Japan surrender or suffer “prompt & utter destruction” ignored

18. The A-Bombs… 1 st bomb~ Aug 6- Hiroshima (little boy) –industrial and military significance No response so… 2 nd bomb~ Aug 9- Nagasaki (fat man) –largest sea port wartime importance BeforeAfter Enola Gay Crew

19. Death Toll Hiroshima 70,000 killed imm. 48,000 buildings destroyed 100,000s died of radiation & cancer Nagasaki 40,000 killed imm. 60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation & cancer late

20. Victory Japan Day (September 2, 1945) World War II officially ended

21. Aftermath of War The Nuremberg Trials-1946 –Nazi war criminals on trial for: Violating the laws of war Crimes against humanity 22 Nazi leaders were charged only 12 sentenced to death

22. Aftermath of War~ Japan Radiation Douglas MacArthur Demilitarization/War Criminal trials/lost colonial empire Democratization –Emperor became symbol of Japan –New Constitution –Article 9 cannot start war General Tojo Emperor Hirohito

23. The De-Colonization of European Empires (after WWII)

24. Differing goals… U.S Democracy Raw materials/markets Promote stability in Europe Reunite Germany USSR Communism Rebuild own economy Control Eastern Europe Keep Germany divided The Cold War