1. 1 IFC Session 4 Mulder Future Forms

2. 2 IFC Session 4 Mulder Present Forms used in Future Present Continuous Often interchangeable with the going to future for a planned event: What are you doing tonight? Present Simple Used for timetabled events, programs, and regular schedules: The train leaves at 6 pm What time does the film start?

3. 3 IFC Session 4 Mulder Will Future Used for general predictions (no present evidence): In the year 2020 unemployment will be much higher. Used for spontaneous decisions: Is that the phone? I’ll answer it. Used for offers and refusals: I will open the tin for you. I won’t talk to her until she apologises! Used for promises: I promise I will work harder next year.

4. 4 IFC Session 4 Mulder Going to Future Used for an intention or something planned by the speaker: I am going to the cinema tonight. Do you want to come? Used for situations where you are expressing certainty based on evidence: That rollercoaster was too much for me. I’m going to be sick.

5. 5 IFC Session 4 Mulder Future continuous Used for talking about something that will be in progress at a point in the future: This time next month we will be sunning ourselves on the beach in Spain. Signal words: this time next…, in one month’s time, when I’m 60 Often used for a decision or a plan: I’ll be meeting Kate tomorrow anyway. I can give her the papers then if you want.

6. 6 IFC Session 4 Mulder Perfect Forms in the Future Future perfect Used to say that an action will have finished by a point in the future: This time next year I will have hopefully passed the IFC Exam (emphasis on the completion of the action) Future perfect continuous Used for an action that will have been taking place up to a point in the future: This time next year I will have been studying for 18 months. Signal words: for and since

7. 7 IFC Session 4 Mulder Other future expressions Be to- used in more formal contexts to talk about arrangements / plans (and sometimes orders): The factory is to be torn down and rebuilt. You are to pay Porky if you speak German. On the point of / about to I’m about to make a cup of tea if you want one. We are on the point of making a break-through. Due to She’s due to arrive any minute.

8. 8 IFC Session 4 Mulder Tenses in Time clauses With certain keywords we need to use another pattern of tenses even though the action referred to may be in the future: As soon as he gets here, we will leave for the restaurant. (NOT: As soon as he will get here, he will…) It is also possible to use the present perfect to highlight the completion of an action before this point in time: As soon as he has finished eating, we will leave for the cinema. (NOT: As soon as he will have finished eating, we will…) Keywords: When, after, as soon as, by the time, while, once