1. Psychology Final Review 2015
Grudgeball
Psychology Final Review 2015

2. Memory A mental representation of one’s environment
The three basic processes of memory are:
Cognitive Map
encoding, storage and retrieval
Organizing large amounts of information into more manageable pieces
According to the information processing model of memory, if a person completely loses the ability for __________ memory, the person will not be able to form any memories of any kind.
Chunking
The elapsed time between the presentation of a stimulus and the response
Short term
Reaction time
The maintenance of information over time
Which of the following memory systems has the greatest storage capacity?
storage
Manipulating mental representations
Long term
Thinking

3. Intelligence Alfred Binet was primarily interested in:
If you tend to record memories on video, are able to read maps, enjoy solving puzzles or like to make your point by drawing a diagram, you probably have _______ intelligence.
Developing a theory of intelligence
The definition of intelligence includes:
Spatial
Ability to acquire knowledge and apply skills
One difference between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the original Stanford-Binet test is that the Wechsler scales
Roxanne performs badly on most tests of verbal ability and does poorly in school, but she can perform many amazing mathematical computations in seconds and can play any song on the flute after hearing it only once. Roxanne provides evidence that supports with of the following?
a. are designed solely for the measuring the intelligence of children
b. can be used to test more than one individual at a time
c. present verbal and performance tasks separately
d. are culture-free
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
According to Howard Gardner, which of the following means that a person enjoys the company of others? A
Interpersonal
Intelligence

4. Motivation and Emotion
A (n) _____________ is a reason or explanation of a person’s behavior.
Motive
Motivation and Emotion
If you were motivated by biological factors, what is a behavior you might exhibit?
Teacher choice
Name one shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation
It doesn’t account for learned behaviors
According to Maslow, what level of the hierarchy must be satisfied first
Physiological – food, air, water

5. Developmental Psychology
Developmental psychology is the study of
The focus of psychosocial development in adolescence, according to Erik Erikson, is ______ formation
social, emotional, moral and intellectual development from conception to death
Identity
Males tend to be more aggressive due to higher levels of
Children who are able to “play pretend” and use their imaginations are said to be in which of Piaget’s developmental stages?
Testosterone
Place Freud’s Psychosexual Stages in order: (Genital, Oral, Phallic, and Anal)
Preoperational
Oral, Anal, Phallic, and Genital
Developmental Psychology
Whenever Joe is nervous, he bites his fingernails. If he is happy, he eats a lot. If he is sad, he smokes. Fred would say that Joe is fixated on what Freudian stage?
Which is true concerning Kohlberg’s theory or moral development?
1. He was more concerned with reasons behind a decision that with the actual decision itself.
2. He thought development ended during adolescence
3. He thought that stages of development were culturally determined
4. He believed that at least half of the adult population will reach the highest stage
Oral State
At the end of this Piaget stage, children are less focused on surroundings and begin to form works and formal thoughts. A
Sensorimotor
Name the four parenting styles:
Uninvolved, Permissive, Authoritative, and Authoritarian

6. What are the three levels of conscience according to Freud
Which approach to personality assumes that personality is determined by the unique ways in which each individual views the world?
Personality
Superego, ego, and ID
Personality is defined as
Humanistic
the distinctive pattern of characteristics that make an individual unique
Mary is having her personality assessed. She is being asked to make up stories about a variety of pictures. The types of assessment method being used is best described as (n)
When Jim went into the sporting goods store, he wanted everything he saw. As a result, he spent over $3,000 on everything from baseball caps to top of the line sneakers. According to Freud, the component of Jim’s personality that is most dominant is the
Projective Test ID
The trait approach to personality assumes that people
1.react in different ways in different situations
2.are motivated by unconscious instincts
3.have stable, long lasting patterns of behavior
4.are products of their environment 3

7. Mental Disorders DSM-IV is a reference guide for
Rudolph has felt sad and hopeless for more than two years now. Although he continues working, he is unable to experience pleasure the way he used to. Rudolph’s symptoms are most consistent with
Diagnosing mental disorders
Lynae was terrified of going into an elevator. The last time she was in one she had pressure in her chest, was sweating and felt dizzy. Lynae had a
Major Depression
Psychiatrists differ from psychologists, social workers and other therapists because they
Panic Attack
Can prescribe drugs
Before Allie can leave her house, she must check the lock three times, count backward from ten and blink five times. Allie would most likely be diagnosed with
OCD
After experiencing abuse during her childhood, Fae developed several identities. Fae traded off between being a character named Gryder, who was moody and withdrawn, and a character named Val, who was self- assured. Fae probably has
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Mental Disorders

8. Mental Disorders (All or Nothing)

9. Random!!! Rationalization What is prejudice? What is a stereotype?
Defense Mechanisms
Random!!!
Coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable outcome.
Rationalization
What is prejudice?
Returning to an earlier, comforting form of behavior.
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Regression
What is a stereotype?
Expressing the opposite of how one truly feels.
a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing
Reaction Formation
Projecting one’s feeling on another person.
What is discrimination?
Projection
treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit
Redirecting one’s feelings toward another person or object.
Displacement
Not accepting the ego-threatening truth.
Denial