1. Radiographic Anatomy Review Julie Branagan MS, RT(R) August 20, 2013

2. My Background Radiologic Technologist – 20 years Radiology educator – 10 years – Radiographic Procedures – Image analysis – Clinical coordinator

3. Objectives Review basic anatomy of the following systems – Skeletal – Circulatory – Digestive – Respiratory – Urinary Identify anatomy on radiographic images

4. Definition of Terms Anatomy – The term applied to the science of the structure of the body Physiology – The study of the function of the body organs

5. Human Structural Organization

6. Divisions of the body Why? – Most specific means in which to describe the human body Most common – Body planes – Body cavities

7. Body Planes Imaginary planes that subdivide the body in reference to anatomic position Planes “slice” the body in all directions at designated levels Fundamental planes – Sagittal – Coronal – Horizontal – Oblique

8. Body Planes (Sagittal)

9. Body Cavities Two great cavities – Thoracic cavity – Abdominal cavity Abdominal cavity has no lower partition, but the lower portion is called the pelvic cavity Often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

10. Body Cavities Thoracic cavity contains – Pleural membranes – Lungs – Trachea – Esophagus – Pericardium – Heart and great vessels

11. Body Cavities Abdominal cavity contains - Peritoneum- Stomach - Liver- Intestines - Gallbladder- Kidneys - Pancreas- Ureters - Spleen- Major blood vessels

12. Body Cavities Pelvic portion contains – Rectum – Urinary bladder – Part of the reproductive system

13. Body Systems Skeletal Circulatory Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive Nervous Muscular Endocrine Integumentary

14. Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Skeletal System 206 separate bones Osteology – Study of the bones Arthrology – Study of the joints

15. Bone Functions Attachment for muscles Mechanical basis for movement Protection of internal organs Support frame for body Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts Production of red and white blood cells

19. Hand

20. Pelvis

21. Vertebral Column/Spine

22. Cervical Spine

23. Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23 Circulatory System Distributes oxygen to cells Transports waste products from cells (heart, blood, and blood vessels)(lymph nodes, vessels, and glands)

26. 26 Lower abdominal angiogram—DSA image on right Lower Abdominal Angiogram

27. Computed Tomography Angiogram

28. Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28 Digestive System Absorption Elimination

30. Esophagus

31. Stomach

32. Small Intestine

34. Large Intestine

36. Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 36 Respiratory System Purpose: Exchange of gaseous substances between the air and the blood Four divisions: Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

37. Trachea

38. Anatomy: Bronchi and Alveoli

39. Chest Xray

40. Anatomy: Lungs

41. Chest Xray

42. Diseased Lung

43. Urinary System Regulates blood Eliminates waste products

44. 44 Urinary System Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra Suprarenal (adrenal) glands (endocrine system) Anterior view

45. Urinary System View from the back View from the side

46. Kidneys Kidney Nephron

47. 47 IVU Demonstrating Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder

48. Retrograde Urogram

49. Nephrotomogram

50. 50 Bladder and Urethra Voiding Cystourethrogram

51. References Bontrager, K & Lampignano, J. (2010). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. 7 th ed. Mosby. Frank, E., Long, B., & Smith, B. (2012). Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures. 12 th ed. Elsevier.