1. Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors Unit 1b - People and Technology, Studies of Technology This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.

2. Patient Safety Freedom from accidental injury Institute of Medicine Report: –98,000 preventable deaths due to human error –Eighth leading cause of death “Given the complexity of health care and the formidable obstacles it presents to change, to overcome these barriers and create a safe culture does indeed seem to be the ultimate challenge for those who specialize in human factors” (Lucian Leape, 1994) Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 2 Freedom from accidental injury Institute of Medicine Report: 98,000 preventable deaths due to human error Eighth leading cause of death “Given the complexity of health care and the formidable obstacles it presents to change, to overcome these barriers and create a safe culture does indeed seem to be the ultimate challenge for those who specialize in human factors” (Lucian Leape, 1994)

3. Annual Death Rates in US Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 3

4. Medical Device Errors FDA recognizes most user errors with medical devices are: –Influenced by device design and device labeling –Not "inevitable human error" Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 4

5. FDA Device Reports Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 5

6. Glucose Monitors Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 6

7. Digital Divide Socioeconomic and demographic divisions between computer users and nonusers –Elderly adults over age 65 –Earn less than $25,000 –Hispanics and African Americans –Rural populations –Education less than high school A Nation Online (2002) Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 7

8. Community-Related Initiatives Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 8

9. Community-Related Initiatives (cont.) Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 9

10. Telemedicine Device Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 10

11. Touch Screen Device Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 11

12. A Plan or scheme conceived in mind and intended for subsequent execution Tradeoffs balancing conflicting requirements Generating alternatives Use representations –Natural language, diagrams, prototypes Interaction Design –Developing plan informed by product’s intended use, target domain and relevant practical considerations Design A plan/scheme conceived in mind & intended for executionTradeoffs balancing conflicting requirementsGenerating alternativesUse representations Natural language, diagrams, prototypes Interaction design Developing plan informed by product’s intended use, target domain & relevant practical considerations Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 12

13. Needs analysis Develop alternatives Prototype Implement Evaluate Iterative Design Process Needs analysis Develop alternatives PrototypeImplementEvaluate Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 13

14. User-Centered Design Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 14

15. Norman's Seven Stages of User Activity Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 15

16. Gulf of Execution –How do I … –Gap between user’s goals and state of system Gulf of Evaluation –What happened? –Gap between observed & expected system state Bridging Gulfs Gulf of Execution Gap between user’s goals & state of system How do I… ? Gulf of Evaluation Gap between observed & expected system state What happened? Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 16

17. Basic Observation Expert Review/Usability Inspection End-User Observations –Testing Situation Video Capture and Review Formal Coding –Qualification and Quantification Sources of Usability Evidence Basic ObservationExpert review/usability inspection Testing situation End-user observation Video capture & review Qualification & quantification Formal coding Component 15/Unit 1b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring 2011 17