1. A nimated Vision Associates Allan N Hytowitz (N = 1).

2. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke’s Third Law Circa 1800 Circa 1862 Circa 1888 Circa 2011 Communication

3. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke’s Third Law ? Visual Acuity Circa 1800 Circa 1862 Circa 1888 Circa 2011

4. Allan’s Medical Mystery Productivity Chart 1990 - 2008

5.  ===========================Progressive Lenses =========================  The effect of 1 diopter in excess Allan’s Medical Mystery

6. Inherent Dyslexic Vision Loss Astigmatic Area Dyslexic Area Dyslexic Areas caused blurry and distorted vision and almost four years of functional blindness Astigmatic Area Dyslexic Area Allan’s Medical Mystery

7. Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, is taht it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the lterets in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat lteetr be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteetr by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Allan’s Medical Mystery

9. Left  Normal colors  Right Allan’s view with Progressive Lenses Peripheral color distortion reduces comprehension Dyslexic Area Allan’s view with Progressive Lenses Astigmatic color shift Allan’s Medical Mystery

10. Original Animated Vision Test Device June 2008 Allan’s Solution

11. Early attempts to create a rotating image “Rotating Segmented Circles” July 2008 Allan’s Solution Original segmented rotating circle

12. Early attempts to create a rotating image “Rotating Segmented Circles” July 2008 + 100 hours Allan’s Solution Original segmented rotating circle

13. “Rotating Segmented Circles” July 2008 + 100 hours Allan’s view with Single Vision Lenses Original segmented rotating circle 10 20 40 30 90 50 60 70 80 100 + Focus on the Plus (+), and then MOVE ONLY YOUR EYES to note which circles appear to be out of focus. The numbers represent screen width percent. 15” diagonal = 20 arc degrees at 28 inches. 22“ diagonal = 30 arc degrees at 28 inches. %

14. “Rotating Segmented Circles” July 2008 + 100 hours Allan’s view with Single Vision Lenses Original segmented rotating circle 10 20 40 30 90 50 60 70 80 100 + % As you MOVE ONLY YOUR EYE(S) the dyslexic areas become blurry with color distortion How big should the “Rotating Segmented Circles” be?

15. “Rotating Segmented Circles” July 2008 + 100 hours Allan’s view with Single Vision Lenses Original segmented rotating circle 10 20 40 30 90 50 60 70 80 100 + % As you MOVE ONLY YOUR EYE(S) the dyslexic areas become blurry with color distortion How big should the “Rotating Segmented Circles” be? Dyslexic Areas

16. 15 107 20 30 4 Dyops™ Dynamic Optotypes™ How big should the “Rotating Segmented Circles” be? You either see the rotational motion at that distance, or you don’t.

17. International Vision Standards 1988 - 2011 Is it precisely 5.0 arc minutes? Is it 5.2 arc minutes or 4.8 arc minutes? Or is it an arbitrary standard? Problems with Current Vision Tests

18. pi = 3 ? pi = 3.14159… Problems with Current Vision Tests Vision is NOT an arbitrary standard

19. The Snellen Test #1 or #2? How precise do the images need to be? Problems with Current Vision Tests

20. All Optotypes are not alike… Problems with Current Vision Tests Snellen letters must be 15% smaller … to be equivalent to the Landolt ring.

21. A positive White on Black stimulus gives a more precise refraction Problems with Current Vision Tests The Snellen Test #1 or #2?

22. The Snellen Test “hidden secret” Visual Acuity is identifying 3 out of 5 optotypes A 60% comprehension score is subjective and a “failing grade” for Optometry AND the patient Problems with Current Vision Tests

23. Culturally based / culturally biased Based upon comprehension and not acuity 5 arc minute standard is not sufficiently precise Tendency for excess refraction Based upon reverse stimulation Problems with Current Vision Tests

24. shape = dots vs. segments vs. triangles? Black on a White background White on a Black background stroke width = 2.5 % sw to 20% sw? sectors = 2 sectors to 16 sectors? 20/20 diameter = 12 mm to 16 mm What is a Dyop™? What is the Optimum Dyop™? Dyop™ = Dynamic Optotype™ (Formerly known as a “rotating segmented circle”)

25. What is a Dyop™? What is the Optimum Dyop™? Multiplicity of experimental shapes Dyop™ = Dynamic Optotype™ (Formerly known as a “rotating segmented circle”)

26. Dyop™ Variables What is a Dyop™? Dyop™ = Dynamic Optotype™ (Formerly known as a “rotating segmented circle”)

27. Dyop ™ stroke width versus Perception Distance Dyop™ Threshold Image versus Perception Distance as of 2009-10-27 Stroke widths (& gap widths) of 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5% 8 segments per Dyops™ with 22.5 degree gap height @ 40 rpm White segments on a Black Background Threshold Image diameter Perception Distance 2.5% stroke width Perception Distance 3.75% stroke width Perception Distance 5% stroke width mm (* see Note)PD - feet* 18242526 17.25232425 16.5222324 15.75212223 1520 2122 14.2519 20 21 13.5 19 20 12.937518 20 12.37517 19 11.812516 18 What is a Dyop™?

28. Field of Vision 7.5 arc minutes The Perception Distance is the furthest distance where rotation can be detected. As the image gets further away, the Threshold Distance Image Diameter needs to be larger to be able to detect the rotation. The arc degree size of the Threshold Image remains constant. What is a Dyop™? The three elements of Dyop™ Acuity measurement are Image Diameter = Threshold Distance vs. Perception Distance How do Dyops™ work? Acuity = Perception Distance / Threshold Distance

29. The eye is NOT an analog camera What is a Dyop™? How do Dyops™ work?

30. Anatomy of a digital camera The eye is akin to a digital camera Allan’s Theory

31. Pixels in the Eye Acuity is determined by cone photoreceptor perception Allan’s Theory

32. Dyop™ stroke width versus photoreceptor stimulus path Thinner Dyop™ = thinner segment photoreceptor stimulus Thicker Dyop™ = thicker segment photoreceptor stimulus Dyops™ - Pixels in the Eye Allan’s Theory

33. Optimum Dyop™ Stroke Width

34. Dyops™ - Pixels in the Eye Dr. John Hayes’ Theory ANTICIPATED TESTS Dyops™ test spatiotemporal acuity Spatial frequency – the number of segments per degree Temporal frequency- the number of times the segment is repeated per second Dyops™ variables used to define spatiotemporal range Segment length – Outer Dyop™ circumference divided by total number of segments Rotation speed Stroke width The window of visibility defines a border (threshold of visibility) made up of the combination spatial and temporal frequencies.

35. Dyops™ - Pixels in the Eye Dr. John Hayes’ Theory ANTICIPATED TESTS Spatiotemporal Acuity Threshold of Invisibility Rotation Speed Number of Segments Visible NOT Visible

36. Initial Validation Test Results

37. International Vision Standards 1988

38. Pacific University Validation Initial Validation Test Results Initials cited are those of Pacific University Faculty and/or Staff Members N-5 Dr James Sheedy – Vision Performance Institute July 2010

39. Landolt Rings Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute

40. 20% Stroke Width Dyops™ 20% stroke width Dyops™ Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute

41. Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width Results with no lenses (plano) - 0 Blur

42. Results with + 1.00 diopter lenses Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width

43. Results with + 2.00 diopter lenses Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width

44. Validation tests Landolt comparison Optimum stroke width Optimum diameter Optimum background Color perception Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute What is the Optimum Dyop™?

45. Optimum Dyop™ White/Black Dyop™ on a Gray Background 10 % stroke width - 7.5 arc minutes White/Black Dyop™ on a Gray Background

46. You either see the rotation or you don’t Rapid Dyop™ Acuity Range Determination Optimum Dyop™ Rapid Dyop™ Acuity Range Determination

47. Acuity precision without excess refraction 19 20 21 Optimum Dyop™ Precise Dyop™ Acuity Determination

48. Personal acuity compatible with current standards Optimum Dyop™ Dyop™ acuity compatible with current standards 10 foot Threshold Distance

49. Professional acuity compatible with current standards Optimum Dyop™ 20 foot Threshold Distance

50. International Vision Standards 1988 D. Reference optotype D.1. Since it is impractical and impossible to eliminate the diversity of letters, digits and other symbols used in visual acuity charts, it is desirable that all optotypes in a set be evaluated for equal recognizability and calibrated to a standard test object.

51. International Vision Standards 1988 E. Selection of Clinical Optotypes E.1. The Landolt ring test tends to be poor for general clinical application for the following reasons: For single optotypes, if the break in the ring is presented in other than simple compass or clock directions, it is difficult for patients to describe the position of the break in the ring; lateralization problems may exist for some patients particularly children; if the patients are in doubt (and the "C" is a familiar letter in their alphabet), their bias may be towards stating that the break in the ring is to the right. When multiple optotypes are presented on a line, patients may confuse the tester by not starting at the beginning of the line or by reading backwards when forward reading is expected, or by losing their place and repeating a response. Communication errors such as these can lead to erroneously low estimates of visual acuity.

52. International Vision Standards 1988 E. Selection of Clinical Optotypes E.2. For clinical use, letters or numbers are more widely accepted. Their advantages include: (1) familiarity; (2) the tester may learn the chart by heart and can easily recognize sequence errors; (3) the patient requires minimal instruction. The most important disadvantage is that most letters contain multiple elements of critical detail which are not of the same size. For example: "elements of critical detail" that characterize a "V" are the slope of its sides and the triangular gap. What "element of critical detail" distinguishes a "T" from an "I"? Is it the stroke width of its horizontal bar, the length of half the bar or the length of the full bar? Inter-letter differences are much greater for some letter groups (e.g., A, O, T. V) than for others (e.g., B, R, S, H). Equal sizes of different letters and different letter designs, therefore, do not imply equal recognizability.

53. International Vision Standards 1988 XIV. Review of This Standard XIV.1 A standard is meant to be a stable entity, yet all points are not established by experimental certainty, deficiencies are periodically revealed and need correction, new developments in tests are occurring, etc. Thus, a standard may be an evolving document and needs to be re-viewed periodically and should not be regarded as immutable.

54. Dyop™ Vision Standard 2011 Advantages of Dyops™ as the Vision Standard Clinical and Research standards for Dyops™ are identical Dyops™ minimize Clinical variations Dyops™ eliminate cultural and educational bias Dyop™ tests based upon physiology rather than subjective comprehension Dyop™ tests are significantly more precise Dyop™ tests are significantly faster to administer Dyop™ tests provide a significant increase in low vision testing ability Dyop™ tests provide infant/non-literate testing relevant to adult acuity

55. Dyop™ Applications White/Black Dyop™ on a Gray Background Adult Acuity Test Junior Acuity Test (Infant/Children) Color Perception Test Dyslexia Screening Test Sobriety Test Diagnostic Testing Systems

56. Personal Acuity – 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop™ Adult Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image

57. Dyop™ Adult Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image Personal Acuity – 10 foot Threshold Distance

58. Dyop™ Adult Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image Personal Acuity – 10 foot Threshold Distance

59. Dyop™ Adult Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image Personal Acuity – 10 foot Threshold Distance

60. versus the Teller Test The Teller Acuity Test allows pediatric vision testing to be performed conveniently in a low-stress clinical environment, rather than in a laboratory. The Teller Acuity Test is designed specifically for easy administration. The test takes only about five to 10 minutes to complete for both eyes, and involves no discomfort on the part of the patient. Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity vs. the Teller Test

61. versus the Teller Test Dyop™ Infant Acuity

62. Infant Acuity – 10 foot image The rotating Dyop™ images move from the left to the right Panel and back again. Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image Start Part 1 sitting 5 feet from a 22 inch diagonal monitor.

63. Infant Acuity – 10 foot image Each Panel Cycle the images get 2 feet smaller in their Threshold Distance. Following the motion from monitor side to side indicates perception Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 10 foot image

64. Infant Acuity – 8 foot image Dyop™ perception continues as the images get smaller Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 8 foot image

65. Infant Acuity – 8 foot image Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 8 foot image Dyop™ perception continues as the images move to the other monitor side

66. Infant Acuity – 6 foot image At a distance of 5 feet with 20/20 vision the “6 foot” Dyop™ Threshold Images are perceptible Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 6 foot image

67. Infant Acuity – 6 foot image Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 6 foot image At a distance of 5 feet a subject with 20/20 vision notices the change in Dyop™ location

68. Dyop™ Infant Acuity Infant Acuity – 4 foot image “ They’ve disappeared!!!!!” Dyop Infant Acuity – 4 foot image At a distance of 5 feet a subject with 20/20 vision cannot determine the location of the “4 foot” Threshold Images

69. Dyop™ Infant Acuity Dyop Infant Acuity – 4 foot image At a distance of 3 feet a subject with 20/20 vision CAN determine the location of the “4 foot” Threshold Images Infant Acuity – 4 foot image At a 3 foot viewing distance the motion is followed

70. @ 12.5% Stroke Width – colored Dyops on a Black background White = Yellow = Green = 100% Red = 90% Blue = 80 % Differences in Color Perception Dyop™ Color Acuity Dyop™ Color Perception

71. Perceptual Dyslexia treatment with colored transparencies Dyslexia Screening Perceptual Dyslexia – colored transparencies Potential Dyop™ Dyslexia Screening Test Placebo or diagnostic tool?

72. Blurry Effect Halo Effect Types of Perceptual Dyslexia Dyop™ Dyslexia Applications Perceptual Dyslexia – Blurry & Halo Washout Effect Overlapping Writing Shaky Effect Swirl Effect Rivers Effect Seasaw Effect

73. Dyop™ Color Acuity Potential Perceptual Dyslexia screening test Possible dyslexia connection to HYPER-perception of colored Dyop™ Threshold Images Dyop™ Color Acuity

74. Dyop™ Sobriety Test Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Sobriety Test 1

75. Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Sobriety Test 2

76. Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing 3

77. Dyop™ Sobriety Test Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Sobriety Test 4

78. Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Sobriety Test 5

79. Dyop™ - iPad Sobriety Test Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Sobriety Test - on iPad Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops™ choices gets you a ride

80. Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Drivers License Testing on iPad Dyop™ - iPad Drivers License Testing 19 20 21

81. Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Drivers License Testing with Depisteo scanner Dyop™ - Screener for Drivers License Testing 19 20 21

82. Dyop™ - iPad Comprehension Test Dyop™ Diagnostic Testing Dyop™ Comprehension Test on iPad

83. Dyop™ - Display Calibration Test Dyop™ Calibration Testing Dyop™ Comprehension Test on iPad

84. Dyop™ - Display Calibration Test Dyop™ Calibration Testing Dyop™ Comprehension Test on iPad

85. Dyop™ Applications Dyop™ Oscar Scheiss Tail Light Oscar Scheiss Tail Light 6 inch Dyop™ = 200 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second 5 foot tail light separation merges at 2000 feet

86. Auto stopping distance Oscar Scheiss Tail Light Dyop™ Applications 6 inch Dyop™ = 200 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second 80 mph = 117 feet per second = Oh Scheiss!

87. Dyop™ Oscar Scheiss Street Light Oscar Scheiss Street Light Dyop™ Applications 9 inch Dyop™ = 300 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second

88. Cyclops World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test BSA Camp Rainey Mountain, Georgia Proof of Concept Publication in “20/20” magazine Cyclops - World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test

89. Cyclops Map of Camp Rainey Mountain Big Rock Admin Bldg Map distance of 3600 feet Map of Camp Rainey Mountain

90. Cyclops Front view – 10 foot maximum diameter Cyclops Front view – 10 foot maximum diameter

91. Cyclops Rear view with location of Big Rock Parade Field Big Rock Back of Cyclops Rear view with location of Big Rock

92. Cyclops Location of Big Rock Big Rock Location of Big Rock

93. Cyclops 60 foot distance Cyclops Admin Bldg 60 foot distance 2010-07-09 @ 60 feet

94. Cyclops 160 foot distance Admin Bldg Cyclops 160 foot distance @ 160 feet

95. Cyclops 270 foot distance Cyclops 270 foot distance @ 270 feet

96. Cyclops Cyclops 700 foot distance 700 foot distance @ 700 feet

97. Cyclops World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test Cyclops – World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test Cyclops @ 3800 feet

98. Cyclops Cyclops & Allan Cyclops Allan Cyclops & Allan @ 3800 feet

99. Cyclops World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test Distance (feet)Diameter (feet)Yes RotationNo Rotation 400010.00110 39009.7592 38009.5065 37009.2547 36009.0029 Control0.00110 11 test subjects - July 23, 2010 3800 feet World’s Largest Visual Acuity Test

100. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke’s Third Law A nimated Vision Associates

101. The Dyop™ Revolution Allan Hytowitz Animated Vision Associates