1. An Era of Protest and Change

2. The Counterculture Rise  The Beat movement- freedom from materialism and importance on experiences  Civil Rights Movement- social and political unrest  Vietnam anti-war movement Values  Youth  Spontaneity  Freedom of expression  Peace, love, and freedom

3. The Counterculture Experimentation = experiences  Dress and music  Freer attitude toward sexual relationships  Recreational drug use Baby boomers  Most educated generation yet  Huge reason to increase production on their desired goods

4. The Counterculture Music  Rock-and-Roll  The Beatles  Bob Dylan- folk protest songs  Music became “a weapon of cultural revolution” Art and literature  Andy Warhol and his soup cans  Tom Wolfe and Hunter S. Thompson Sexual Revolution  Communes  Availability of BC pill  Supported premarital sex

5. The Counterculture Haight-Ashbury  1967- 2,000 people Religion  Buddhism and other eastern European religions  Nature- environmental movement End  Drug addictions and overdoses  Self-centered and shallow  Melted back into mainstream Effect?

6. Women’s Rights Movement Feminism  First wave vs. second wave Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique  Redefinition of traditional roles Civil rights movement and Women’s rights movement  discrimination in the workplace NOW- national organization for women  Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)- guarantee gender equality under the law  Reproductive rights

7. Women’s Rights Movement Protests Gloria Steinem- reporter Phyllis Schlafly  “total assault on the family, on marriage, and on children.”  ERA failed Legal cases  Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission  Title IX of the higher education act of 1972  Roe v. Wade  Assured women the right to legal abortions

8. Rights Revolution Expands Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments  Eliminate national-origin quotas  Asian and Mexican immigrants surged Spanish Americans  Chicanos  Bracero Programs  Post WWII immigration  Puerto Ricans- legal immigration from a US territory  Dominicans and Cubans- political refugees  New York City and Miami

9. Rights Revolution Expands Pressing for Equal Rights  WWII veterans push for equality  Cesar Chavez  Fought for migrant Farm Workers  United Farm Workers (UFW)  Boycott of California Grapes- 1975 California passes a law requiring collective bargaining  Chicano Movement  Awareness of history and culture  Brown Power  La Raza Unida in Texas- political party – better housing and jobs, and Hispanic representation  By 1980 6 Hispanics sat in Congress

10. Rights Revolution Expands American Indian Movement (AIM)- 1968  Securing of land, legal rights and self government  1969-1971 occupation of Alcatraz  1972 march from San Francisco to Washington D.C.  Dee Brown’s Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee  Siege at wounded knee- investigation into conditions on reservations  Legal cases  Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 Asian Americans  Japanese American Citizen League- gov. pay for land lost during internment

11. Rights Revolution Expands Consumers  Unsafe at any speed- by Ralph Nader showed flawed car designs  National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966  Seat belts standard equipment  OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration Disabled  Vietnam and Korean Veterans  1962- beginning of Special Olympics

12. Environmental Movement 1952 London Smog- caused by coal fires killed 12,000 people Silent Spring by Rachel Carson  Created wide spread environmental activism- ended the use of DDT Cuyahoga River Fire- 1969  The river caught fire because of how much waste and chemicals were in it Earth Day! April 22, 1970 Environmental Protection Agency- EPA- 1970 Clean Air Act (1970), Clean Water Act (1973), Endangered Species Act (1973)- Nixon

13. Environmental Movement Love Canal- 1978  Creation of superfund in 1980 Three Mile Island  Nuclear power plant reactor began to melt down Questioning Regulation  Taking away personal property laws  Owners would protect it better bc they had an interest in it