1. FES-East – June 3, 2008 1 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Sustainable Approaches to Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Global Warming Impacts Federal Environmental Symposium - East Mr. Bill Boone, NDCEE June 3, 2008 The NDCEE is operated by: NDCEE National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Technology Transfer – Supporting DoD Readiness, Sustainability, and Transformation DoD Executive Agent Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)

2. FES-East – June 3, 2008 2 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Introduction National Defense Center for Energy and Environment (NDCEE) Solid Waste Sustainability (SWS) Program – Expand the knowledge base within the DoD community to address issues concerning the reduction and diversion of solid waste, – Provide innovative tools and technology transfer to achieve diversion goals, and – Support agency-wide sustainability initiatives

3. FES-East – June 3, 2008 3 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Objectives This presentation will provide an; –Overview of current Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Policy. –Introduction to SWS and impact on GHG emissions. –Impact analysis for demolition vs. deconstruction waste management alternatives. o DoD Family Housing o Single Story Duplex

4. FES-East – June 3, 2008 4 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment GHG Emissions Related to Buildings United States (U.S.) Energy Information Administration states that buildings are responsible for almost half (48%) of all GHG emissions annually Each year, the U.S. buries about 33 million tons of wood related construction and demolition (C&D) debris in landfills As wood decomposes, it will release 5 million tons of carbon equivalents in the form of methane gas –Equivalent to the annual emissions of 3,736,000 passenger cars

5. FES-East – June 3, 2008 5 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Federal Policy Presidential GHG Emissions Reduction Goals –“President Bush announced a new national goal to stop the growth in U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.” On April 16, 2008. - http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/environment/http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/environment/ Executive Order (EO) 13423 “Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management” –“Federal agencies are required to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions....” –“Agency heads are also ordered to implement within the agency sustainable practices for energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions avoidance or reduction..., and pollution and waste prevention and recycling...”

6. FES-East – June 3, 2008 6 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment GHG Reduction Accords Kyoto Protocol - http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.phphttp://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php –International treaty that calls for 6% reduction of GHG emissions in Canada and 5% in the U.S. Urban Environmental Accord - http://www.sfenvironment.org/ http://www.sfenvironment.org/ –Composed of twenty-one policy actions geared toward environmental sustainability at the urban level. –Goal of 25% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 Governors Rally for Climate Change - http://www.eponline.com/articles/61235/ http://www.eponline.com/articles/61235/ –Over a dozen governors across the U.S. signed the Declaration on Climate Change April 21, 2008.

7. FES-East – June 3, 2008 7 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment GHG Reduction Goals by City http://www.sfenvironment.org/

8. FES-East – June 3, 2008 8 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Solid Waste and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Product Life-Cycle Stages http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/generalinfo.html [1] http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/generalinfo.html, February 2008http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/generalinfo.html

9. FES-East – June 3, 2008 9 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Alternative Waste Management Practices What is Deconstruction? –It is a process by which a building is disassembled in a reverse order to the process of construction. –Deconstruction, as opposed to demolition, is considered an organized and systematic method, as materials need to be separated at the source in order to maximize landfill diversion through reuse and recycling.

10. FES-East – June 3, 2008 10 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Analysis Approach Select a candidate building and evaluate it using the available software. Compare traditional waste management practice of demolition and landfilling to deconstruction and recycling. Calculate the difference in GHG emissions between waste management practices. Compare select products for building systems relative to GHG.

11. FES-East – June 3, 2008 11 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Analysis Approach Validation of data through software packages –NDCEE Decon 2.0 – Available Pending Approval. –Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WAste Reduction Model (WARM) - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/ http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/ –National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) - http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees/http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees/ –Athena Institute ATHENA® EcoCalculator for Assemblies - http://www.athenasmi.ca/tools/ecoCalculator/index.htmlhttp://www.athenasmi.ca/tools/ecoCalculator/index.html

12. FES-East – June 3, 2008 12 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Analysis Approach Decon 2.0 – Software tool designed to assist users in planning for a deconstruction project. User inputs building characteristics to assess the feasibility of a deconstruction project. The software tabulates material quantities anticipated from demolition and deconstruction. WARM – Software tool that helps solid waste planners track and report GHG emissions reductions from waste management scenarios. BEES 4.0e – Software tool allows users to select cost- effective, environmentally-preferable building products ATHENA® EcoCalculator – Software tool designed to calculate environmental impacts associated with the assemblies used in your building

13. FES-East – June 3, 2008 13 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Candidate Building –DoD installation duplex,1600 square foot (ft 2 ), single story, 1970’s construction Approach

14. FES-East – June 3, 2008 14 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Decon 2.0 Input

15. FES-East – June 3, 2008 15 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Decon 2.0 Material Summary Landfill Diversion Rate: 91% Total Building Weight: 70TonsMaterial Diversion: 63.83Tons

16. FES-East – June 3, 2008 16 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment WARM Analysis Input – Baseline Waste Management Scenario (Demolition)

17. FES-East – June 3, 2008 17 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment WARM Analysis Output – GHG Emissions from (Demolition)

18. FES-East – June 3, 2008 18 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment WARM Analysis Input - Alternative Waste Management Scenario (Deconstruction)

19. FES-East – June 3, 2008 19 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment WARM Analysis Output – GHG Emissions from Deconstruction

20. FES-East – June 3, 2008 20 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment WARM Analysis – Results Net Reduction in GHG Emissions of 7 Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalents

21. FES-East – June 3, 2008 21 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Building Materials Evaluated for; –Cement Slab –Floor Covering –Interior Wall Partitions –Exterior Wall Finishing –Roof Sheathing –Roofing Evaluation Criteria –Global Warming by Life-Cycle Stage, –Global Warming by Flow, –Overall Environmental and Economic Performance

22. FES-East – June 3, 2008 22 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Cement Slab –Products Analyzed o 100% Portland Cement o 20% fly ash o 20% slag cement o 20% limestone cement o Lafarge Silica Fume o Anonymous IP Cement o Lafarge New Cem (20%)

23. FES-East – June 3, 2008 23 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Cement Slab

24. FES-East – June 3, 2008 24 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Cement Slab

25. FES-East – June 3, 2008 25 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Cement Slab

26. FES-East – June 3, 2008 26 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Cement Slab

27. FES-East – June 3, 2008 27 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Roof Sheathing –Products Analyzed o Oriented Strand Board (OSB) o Plywood

28. FES-East – June 3, 2008 28 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Roof Sheathing

29. FES-East – June 3, 2008 29 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Roof Sheathing

30. FES-East – June 3, 2008 30 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Roof Sheathing

31. FES-East – June 3, 2008 31 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment BEES Analysis Roof Sheathing

32. FES-East – June 3, 2008 32 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment ATHENA® EcoCalculator

33. FES-East – June 3, 2008 33 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Conclusions Deconstruction along with proper material selection can result in reductions in GHG emissions Decon 2.0 Analysis suggests certain DoD buildings are good candidates for deconstruction WARM Analysis shows that deconstruction activities can decrease GHG emissions BEES Analysis: when analyzing the global warming by life-cycle stage, raw materials acquisition contributes the most to GHG emissions BEES Analysis identified carbon dioxide as the most prevalent GHG emission Deconstruction can help the DoD meet EO 13423

34. FES-East – June 3, 2008 34 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Next Steps Incorporate GHG emissions calculator into Decon 2.0 Continue to assist installations in validating carbon credit for innovative waste management alternatives to meet anticipated GHG tracking and reporting requirements. Assist installation in identifying alternate funding sources for meeting new federal GHG policy goals. Identify emerging building materials and technology alternatives most suitable for solid waste sustainability, energy efficiency, and reduction of GHG. Provide technology transfer for alternatives tailored to meet new DoD-wide solid waste sustainability policy.

35. FES-East – June 3, 2008 35 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Acknowledgements NDCEE Executive AgentMr. Tad Davis, DASA (ESOH) NDCEE Program DirectorMr. Hew Wolfe, ODASA (ESOH) NDCEE Program ManagerDr. Charles Lechner, ODASA (ESOH) NDCEE Contracting Officer’s Mr. Tom Moran, ODASA (ESOH) Representative Government Technical Monitor Dr. Eddy Smith, P.E., USACE NDCEE Program ManagerMr. Bill Boone

36. FES-East – June 3, 2008 36 National Defense Center for Energy and Environment Points of Contact Mr. Bill Boone, Program Manager NDCEE-CTC (727) 549-7251 boonew@ctc.com Mr. Scott Maurer, Technical Lead NDCEE-CTC (727) 549-7031 maurers@ctc.com Dr. Eddy Smith, Government Technical Monitor USACE ERDC-CERL (217) 373-3488 Edgar.D.Smith@usace.army.mil This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H- 04-D-0005 Task 449. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this document are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this presentation are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation.