1. MBAA -CO 2 from beer/ale fermentation Presented by Gabriel Domínguez March 10 th, 2016

2. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Carbon Dioxide as beer/ale ingredient To think about it: –Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) is handled/processed in same area as compressed air, ammonia, glycol and steam but is the only one among the other services/utilities that enters in intimate contact with your product and eventually your customers…

3. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS CO 2 Storage and road transportation in liquid phase Why in liquid phase? Liquid phase requires less volume (space) for storage, handling and transportation of CO 2 mass (pounds) –LCO 2 density at 270 psi (A) and 0 o F ≈ 8.671 lbs/gallon –VCO 2 density at 270 psi (A) and 0 o F ≈ 0.017 lbs/gallon

4. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS LCO 2 Tanks specifications For carbon steel (SA-612) units: For stainless steel (SA-312/304) units:

5. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS LCO 2 density variation with tank/cylinder pressure

6. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Needed heat to vaporize/gasify LCO 2 for consumption (an excellent refrigerant)

7. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Vaporizing LCO 2 for consumption while cooling a process fluid In this case glycol solution…

8. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Safety Precautions

9. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Quality principles to consider when buying/recovering CO 2

10. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS CO 2 from bee/ale fermentation

11. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Starch into Glucose then into Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )  Some of generated CO 2 from fermentation will remain in wort and will not be vented up.  Wort gravity will be affected by extract content reduction but also generated ethanol density.  Therefore the practical adjustment number to be used when calculating CO 2 availability with extract tables to compensate for those two factors will be 0.400 instead of 0.489

12. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS CO 2 formation during fermentation: Not all the fermentable extract is used for production of alcohol and CO 2 3 to 5% of the extract is used for yeast growth 5 to 7% of the extract is used for by-products (flavors, esters, higher alcohols, diacetyl etc.) As an average we can say that approximately 10% of the extract is used for the above two processes and deduct this from the possible CO 2 production; another reason for using 0.400 instead of 0.489 when calculating CO 2 availability.

13. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Wort Extract Table

14. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Determining CO 2 availability for an individual fermenter from brewing data Get extract content at reported gravity for start of collection: –This will be “X” pounds of extract per beer barrels. Get extract content at reported gravity for end of collection: –This will be “Y” pounds of extract per beer barrels. Difference in extract content between these two points will be the extract consumed/converted by yeast. –“X” less “Y” equals to “Z” pounds of extract per beer barrels. Get converted mass into vented CO 2 mass only. –Multiply “Z” by 0.400 instead of 0.489 to adjust down for CO 2 remaining in wort and alcohol effect in density. –This amount will be lbs. of CO 2 vented per beer barrel. Multiply mass of vented CO 2 /beer barrel per volume of fermented wort. –Do not use fermenter volume (head space does not contribute with CO 2 ) Final figure will be pounds of CO 2 available for collection

15. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Quick CO 2 availability estimation

16. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Dissolved gases and some volatiles are naturally stripped out of wort by rising bubbles of CO 2

17. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Typical (dry) composition of gas stream leaving fermenters’ top

18. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS CO 2 Collection main goal: Condensing CO 2 for easy storage and handling. -Behavior at different condensing pressures…

19. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Vapor Pressure of liquefied CO 2

20. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Recovery & purification of CO 2 from beer/ale fermentation (max. 0.09863 kWh/lb. CO 2 ) In this case, 350 lbs./hr CO 2 recovery rate or (280,000 bbl./year brewing) Scrubbing water: Consumption2 x 0.2641 gpm Glycol, circulated: Flow ~25 gpm (∆t=11.8  F) (glycol inlet @ 25 o F)

21. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS CO 2 Distribution and main usage (Carbonation) at breweries

22. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Quick estimation of required (usage) CO 2 at breweries Carbonating…

23. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Quick estimation of required (usage) CO 2 at breweries Purging, blanketing, sweeping or pressuring tanks…

24. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS Looking forward to seeing you all at the upcoming CBC

25. BEVERAGEINDUSTRIAL GASESDESALINATIONCUSTOMER SERVICE AIRCODIET OIL & GAS