1. Transportation: Airlines

2. In times of peace, approximately 8 million people take a plane trip each day.

3. Wright brother’s first plane: 1903 Passenger travel on planes: 1919 Charles Lindberg crossed Atlantic: 1927 Jet service: 1952 Federal Aviation Act: 1958 ◦ Created FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Airline Deregulation Act: 1978 ◦ Allowed for competition

4.  In the United States, the airlines are PRIVATELY owned!

5.  American Airlines – AA  Alaska Airlines – AS  Continental Airlines – CO  Delta Airlines – DL  Hawaiian Airlines – HA  United Airlines - UA  Southwest Airlines – WN

6.  Slots – The time a plane can land, be at a gate, and take off  Scheduled Service – Flights made over regularly flown routes according to a published timetable  Nonscheduled Flights – Planes hired to fly to a particular place at a time specified by the customer – also could be a charter flight

7.  Minimum Connecting Time – the amount of time a reservationist must leave in between 2 flights to allow passengers and baggage to transfer from the first plane to the second

8. The carrier’s obligation to provide transportation as promised and the statement of the limit of liability for loss and damage claim if it does not fulfill its part of the bargain.

9.  An airline network formed by a hub (large airport) and spokes (smaller airports)  Centralized operations  Most major airlines have one or more “hubs”  Passengers fly from “hub” to “spokes” and from “spokes” to “hub” to connect to other cities.  It saves the airlines money  A fortress hub is an airline-dominated airport. ◦ American = Dallas/Fort Worth ◦ Delta = Atlanta ◦ Southwest = Dallas-Love Field ◦ Continental = Houston ◦ Northwest = Minneapolis ◦ United = Chicago

11.  Nonstop Flights – A flight form origin to destination with no intermediate stops  Direct/Through Flights – A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops  Connection Flights – A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops where the passenger must change planes

12.  One-way Trip – A trip from origin to destination with no return to origin  Round Trip – A trip from origin to destination with return to origin. Flights follow same route and use same carrier.  Circle Trip – Same as round trip except one flight will follow a different route or use a different carrier  Open Jaw – A round trip where the passenger either departs for return trip from a different airport or returns to a different airport.

13. Tickets: Ticketless travel is known as e-tickets. Some airlines still issue paper tickets. Check-in: Lets the airline know a passenger has arrived. Baggage is often weighed and checked-in. Boarding passes: Can be obtained at the airline counter near the terminal entrance. Gate Agent: Controls boarding procedures, usually about 20-30 minutes before flight time Ticket lift: At some point, tickets are collected by the airline, to account for passengers

14.  Baggage Options: ◦ Checked – Bags are checked during the check in process. Must be within weight and size restrictions. Fees could apply.  Most airlines are now charging a baggage fee.  Example - $25 for 1 checked bag ◦ How much luggage is estimated that the airlines lose each day?  Fewer than 1% of nearly 3 million bags ◦ Carry-On – Must meet size restrictions - be able to fit in overhead bins or under the seat. Must meet all security restrictions.

15.  Airport security is controlled by the government ◦ TSA  Passengers walk through detectors  Possessions are put on a conveyor belt that goes through an x-ray machine  Checked luggage is screened as well

16. Source: http://www.tsa.gov/311/

17. Aviation Jobs

18. Airport Manager The duties of an airport manager: – Enforcing aviation rules and regulations – Planning and supervising maintenance and safety programs – Negotiating leases – Administering the budget – Promoting the airport’s use – Training and supervising employees – Maintaining good community relations

19. Skycap Skycaps do curbside check-in They also process your luggage Can people use a Skycap when flying international? – No, they must pass through customs

20. Airplane Ground Services Cleaning the cabin Putting food and beverages from the flight kitchen on to the plane Pumping drinking water aboard Unloading and reloading baggage, cargo, and mail Making a mechanical check Fueling the plane Boarding the passengers

21. Pilots and Crew Pilots have a daily flight limitation of 10 hours for a two-person crew. Flight crews may not exceed a maximum of 40 flight hours during any seven consecutive days. Each must have a 24-hour rest period during any seven consecutive day period.

22. Flight Attendants Preflight – Weather conditions and potential passenger problems at briefings. Checking supplies and equipment on board, greeting passengers, assisting passengers, seat belts, and safety briefings. In-flight – Distribute pillows and blankets, serve drinks and meals, assist passengers, secure cabin, and handle medical emergencies

23. Flight Attendants Post-flight – Writing reports, reporting money, lost and found articles, medical emergencies, equipment needing attention Flight attendants fly from 75 to 85 hours a month, plus they have about 50 hours a month duty time between flights.

24. Air Traffic Controller Job duties of an air traffic controller – To keep airplanes flying safe in the sky – To keep airplanes away from each other A stressful job High paying

25.  Product  Price  Place  Promotion

26.  3 Most common commercial aircraft used ◦ Airbus  Capable of long-range travel  A318, A319, A321- most common  A330/340- holds up to 525 passengers  A380- double decker- up to 853 passengers ◦ Boeing  Capable to long-range travel  757- single aisle- up to 149 passengers  767- extended range- single aisle- up to 245 passengers  777- extended range- two aisle- up to 440 passengers ◦ McDonnell Douglas (owned by Boeing)  Focuses on short and mid-range aircraft  MD-80 most popular- between 137-172 passengers

27.  First Class – Located at the front of the plane. Wider seats, more padding, extra space between rows. Built-in electronics (new). Board and deplane first. Movie and alcohol free. Meals.  Business Class – Scaled down from first class. More room and comfort than coach. Service comparable to first class.  Coach Class – Seated in rear of plane. Narrow seats, close together. Overhead bins limited. Movies and alcohol cost.

28.  Pitch is the distance from the front of one seat to the front of the seat behind.  Bulkhead seats are seats immediately behind the wall that separates coach from first class.  All U.S. flights are non-smoking.

29.  Price is the most important factor when buying a travel product  Southwest is the USA’s largest low- fare carrier

30. ◦ The Actual Cost of Service ◦ Marketing Decisions ◦ Route Assignment ◦ Mileage ◦ Class ◦ Add-ons ◦ Stopovers ◦ Maximum Permitted (MPM) ◦ Profit Motives

31.  Airlines largest source of income – PASSENGER REVENUE  Airline Revenue from Business Travelers – 66%  Airline Expenses: ◦ Planes ◦ Labor ◦ Landing fees ◦ Fuel ◦ Passenger meals ◦ Advertising ◦ Commission ◦ Maintenance

32. Airport Revenue Traffic Operations Airport Concessions Parking Lots

33.  Consolidators are high-volume ticket sellers who contract with carriers to consolidate or sell at reduced rates, airlines’ excess inventory – seats that would otherwise fly empty.

34. The times when discounted fares are not available, occurring during holidays and peak-season are known as BLACKOUT PERIODS!

35. “What do you mean it is Overbooked?” How do no-shows affect an airline? – Empty seats – Lost income Airlines overbook to keep all planes full at the time of flight Voluntary Denied Boarding Compensation – People give up their seats in return for a seat on the next available flight and some financial compensation

36. Place: Airport How many airports are there? – There are 17,000 airports in the United States – 700 airports actually have facilities to handle passenger planes

37. Airports Airports have two names: – Name of Airport – 3-Letter Airport Code JFK ATL LAX ORD SLC

38. Airport Facts What airport is within a 90-minute flight of more than 50% of the U.S. and Canadian populations? – Pittsburgh (PIT) What is North America’s largest-in-area airport? – Denver (DEN) What airport is designed to handle as many as 250,000 arriving passengers a day? – Atlanta- Hartsfield-Jackson -ATL

39. Busy Airports The United States accounts for more than 1/3 of the world’s aircraft activity. Of the world’s 30 busiest airports, 11 are in the United States. Busiest Airports: – 1.Hartsfield- Jackson (ATL) – 5. Los Angeles Int’l (LAX) – 8.O’Hare (ORD) – 9.Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) – 19.Denver (DEN) – 21.John F. Kennedy Int’l (JFK) – 23. Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX) – 24.Miami (MIA) – 25.San Francisco (SFO) – 27.Charlotte Douglas (CLT) – 28.McCarran (LAS)

40. Airport Information Airways are numbered just like highways on the ground. The FAA are airway patrollers to keep things running smoothly in the air and in the airports. The control tower is the nerve center of the airport. The top of the tower is the cab. Terminals are the buildings used by passengers in their procession from ground to air.

41.  Frequent Flyer Programs: ◦ An airline marketing strategy, that helps airlines to make a profit as well as build loyalty.  American – AAdvantage Program  JetBlue – TrueBlue  Delta – Sky Miles  Southwest – Rapid Rewards  United – Mileage Plus

42.  American Airlines – Admirals Club  Delta Airlines – Sky Club  United Airlines – United Club

43.  Advantages of being a member of an Airline Executive Club: ◦ Check-in services ◦ Stow luggage ◦ Local calls ◦ Bathrooms ◦ TVs ◦ Newspapers ◦ Drinks ◦ Snacks ◦ Meeting rooms