2. Purpose A comparative series of national public attitude surveys in Africa on Democracy, Markets and Civil Society Scientific project dedicated to accurate and precise measurement of nationally representative samples of publics Policy relevant project that inserts results into national and global policy discussion Ultimately, advancing democracy in Africa by promoting the voice of public opinion

3. When and Where In “reforming” African countries (generally, multi party regimes that have had a founding democratic election, or a re-democratizing election) Round 1 (12 countries, mid-1999 to mid 2001) in West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria in East Africa: Uganda and Tanzania in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe Round 2 (16 countries, mid 2002-late 2003) –repeats original 12 (Zimbabwe in early 2004) –Adds Cape Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, and Senegal Round 3 (18 countries, 2005) -Adds Madagascar and Benin Round 4 (Repeat all the above 18 countries, March to Dec 2008) –Adds Liberia and Burkina Faso –South Africa to release Round 4 results from 2 nd of March 2009

4. Who Supports It? Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Canadian International Development Agency UK Department for International Development (DFID) Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA) Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation World Bank Danish Governance Trust Fund at the World Bank Royal Dutch Embassy in Namibia Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Trocaire Regional Office for Eastern Africa Michigan State University African Development Bank U.S. National Science Foundation Konrad Adenauer Stiftung

5. Sampling Random sample of 2 400 South African citizens (18 or older) Sample proportionate to SA population –Stratified by province, urban/rural and racial strata as per 2008 projection of the 2001 Census (Stats SA) –Weighting process used to ensure that sample is proportionate to population Multi Stage random sampling –Random selection of 600 enumerator areas using PPPS –Four interviews per enumerator area –Random selection of households in enumerator area using random starting point –Random selection of respondents –50/50 gender quota Nationally representative sample Sampling error of +/- 3 percentage points (2.8 points) at 95% CI

6. South Africans’ Public Agenda 2008 Unemployment and Crime are the most important problems for South Africans

7. South Africa’s Public Agenda Over Time (The “Big Five” Most Important Problems)

8. Economic Evaluations and Lived Poverty

9. Personal Economic Evaluations Over Time South Africans are feeling the pinch

10. National Economic Evaluations Over Time

11. Lived Poverty in South Africa Over Time (At Least One Shortage in Past Year)

12. Support for Economic Reform Over Time

13. Political Freedom and Community

14. Political Freedom - 2008

15. Participation in the Community/ Community Action % Women are more likely to be active members of religious groups. Men are slightly more inclined to attend community meetings and participate in action to raise issues

16. Government Performance

17. Job Approval of Elected Leaders Over Time

18. Rating Government Policy Performance (2008)

19. Rating Local Government Performance (2008)

20. Trust In Government and State

21. South Africans’ Trust in Political Institutions (2006 - 2008): % of somewhat/a lot

22. Trust In Political Institutions Over Time

23. South Africans’ Trust In State Institutions (2006-2008): % for A lot/Somewhat

24. Perceptions of Corruption

25. Perceptions of Government Corruption In South Africa (2006-8): % for Most/All

26. Perceptions of State Corruption In South Africa (2006-8): % for Most/All Less than 10% have paid bribes to officials in the past year for access to documents/services or to avoid problems with the law.

27. Evolving National Identities

28. Measuring the Strength of Personal National Identity Please tell me whether you agree, neither agree nor disagree, or disagree with these statements: –It makes you proud to be called a South African –You would want your children to think of themselves as South African –Being South African is a very important part of how you see yourself.

29. Proud to be Called A South African Over Time

30. Want Children to Think of Themselves as SA Over Time

31. People Should Think of Selves as SA’s First Over Time

32. The Supply of and Demand for Democracy

33. Democratic Regime Supply –Freeness and Fairness of Elections –Extent of Democracy –Satisfaction With Democracy Demand –Rejection of Authoritarianism –Preference for Democracy

34. Measuring the Perceived Supply of Democracy Freeness and Fairness of Elections On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national elections, held in XXXX * Completely free and fair * Free and fair, but with minor problems * Free and fair, with major problems * Not free and fair Extent of Democracy In your opinion, how much of a democracy is ____ (insert country name) today? * A full democracy * A democracy, but with minor problems * A democracy, but with major problems * Not a democracy Satisfaction with Democracy How satisfied are you with the way democracy works in ____ (insert country name)? * Very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied.

35. Supply of Democracy Over Time

36. Measuring Demand for Democracy Rejection of Authoritarian Rule “Some people say that we would be better off if we had a different system of government. Would you approve or disapprove of…?” A. Military rule B. One-party rule C. One-man rule D. Return to the system of rule we had under apartheid Unwillingness to Live Under An “Effective” Authoritarian Regime “If a non-elected government or leader could impose law and order, and deliver houses and jobs, how willing or unwilling would you be to give up regular elections and live under such a government? * Very unwilling, unwilling, willing, very willing

37. Rejection of Authoritarian Rule

38. Measuring Demand for Democracy Support for Democracy “Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? A. Democracy is preferable to any other form of government B. In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be preferable C. To people like me, it doesn’t matter what form of government we have.” “Sometimes democracy does not work. When this happens, some people say that we need a strong leader who does not have to bother with elections. Others say that even when things don’t work, democracy is always best. What do you think? With which statement do you agree with most: A. Need strong leader B. Democracy always best”

39. Demand for Democracy Over Time