2.  Bio.2.1 Analyze the interdependence of living organisms within their environments.  Bio.2.1.1 Analyze the flow of energy and cycling of matter (such as water, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) through ecosystems relating the significance of each to maintaining the health and sustainability of an ecosystem.

3.  Biodiversity  Natural resource  Deforestation  Keystone species  Pollution  Global warming  Invasive species  Acid rain  Eutrophication  Pesticide  Bioaccumulation  Carrying capacity

4.  Organisms in stable ecosystems are suited to their environment  Sudden changes to environmental conditions may change which populations can survive  Many human activities affect populations within ecosystems

5.  Human population is a major challenge to the environment  Over the last 200 years human population has grown exponentially  Births exceed deaths World Clock

6.  Is the largest population that an ecosystem can support  Limited  Available energy  Drinkable water  Nutrients

7.  Researchers are attempting to address limits to carrying capacity  Developing new energy resources  Improving old energy resources  Recycling and conserving water  Increasing agricultural productivity

8.  Is the number of different kinds of organisms living on Earth or in an ecosystem  Human activities can alter the biodiversity of an ecosystem  Biologically  Physically  Chemically  As population grows, humans use more natural resources

9.  Are any part or product of the environment that is used by humans or other organisms  land  Water  Air  Organisms can be natural resources  If humans use more resources than they need, it may become unavailable to other organisms

10.  Human use of resources can physically and chemically alter the ecosystem  People clear land or fill waterways  Mining  Greenhouse gases and global warming  These changes can harm species that live there

12.  Is the removal of all trees in an area of forest  Done to make room for farms, mines, towns, and to use wood  Destroys habitats forcing species out, reducing biodiversity

13.  Is a species that plays a critical role in an ecosystem  The removal of one type of plant or animal can affect the structure of ecosystems  Eastern oyster  Lives in estuaries of NC  Food source  Cleans water  Build reefs for over 300 species Prairie Dogs: Keystone species - YouTube

14.  The release of harmful substances or energy into air, soil, or water  Dumping garbage  Burning of fossil fuels pollutes air with carbon dioxide  What are other ways CO 2 levels have been altered?  How can you reduce pollution levels? great pacific garbage gyre

15.  Is an increase in average atmospheric temperatures around the world  Increased levels of CO 2 are a major cause of climate change  Rising temperatures harm many environments  Polar ice caps  Sea ice  Glaciers are melting and not being replaced by fresh ice global warming

16. sea level rise

17.  Global warming is expected to cause more droughts, floods, and other extreme weather  Slower climate change that is more long term can alter ecosystems as an area becomes too hot, cold, dry, or wet for the species that reside there

18.  Is rain that has a pH lower than 5.6  Burning fossil fuels also produces sulfur and nitrogen  Mix with water in the atmosphere to produce acid rain  Damages plants and organisms that feed on them

20.  Improper disposal of waste  Reckless use of chemicals  Oil spills  Pollutants can make an ecosystem unfit for the organisms that live there  Pollutants can make freshwater unsuitable for drinking, cooking, irrigation and manufacturing

21.  Occurs when excess nutrients are released into a body of water (algal blooms)  sewage, fertilizer, sediment (nitrogen and phosphorus)  Carried to water as runoff  Waste lagoons in hog farms in NC are a source

22.  As algal blooms use up resources, they die in excessive numbers  Decomposers become active and use more oxygen  Decreases oxygen available to other organisms  Kills fish and other organisms from suffocation (dead zone)

24.  Chemicals designated to kill pests or animals  Insects and rodents  Reduces disease and increase food production but can kill or sicken animals other than targets  Weakens ecosystem  Pesticides are included in runoff

25.  An increase in the amount of a substance, such as pesticide, in the tissues of an organism  Taken in when organisms feed and passed to other organisms, the increase in concentration  Are not digested but stored in organisms bioaccumulation bioaccumulation 2

26.  Sometimes bioaccumulation affects offspring of organisms instead of the organism itself  Bald eagles and peregrine falcon population declined rapidly in 1960’s due to DDT  DDT made the shells of eggs brittle  fewer chicks hatched  DDT was banned Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring used evolution to explain problems with DDT and warned of dangers of the pesticide. Her book changed America’s view on pesticide use and led to a ban of DDT Silent Spring

27.  Permanent dying out of a species  All species depend on other species for survival  Some scientists estimate 1 species / hr  Many are caused by human activities  Overhunting  Overfishing  Invasive species Galapagos Tortoise Lonesome George

28.  http://www.pnas.org/content/108/18/7625/F2.expansion.html http://www.pnas.org/content/108/18/7625/F2.expansion.html  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+growth &view=detail&id=7AF52F16BF61BD2D8DFCAF129414F1AB6F2A5 D39 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+growth &view=detail&id=7AF52F16BF61BD2D8DFCAF129414F1AB6F2A5 D39  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+growth &view=detail&id=69CB0B24573B483D2C726E1BA2B505BAA868 599E http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+growth &view=detail&id=69CB0B24573B483D2C726E1BA2B505BAA868 599E  http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=carrying+capacity&um=1&hl=en &sa=N&biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=0PZ1flUBE0LiyM:&i mgrefurl=http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/popbionote. htm&imgurl=http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/popbio2.jpg&w=541&h=326&ei=eX5GUNfwJIne8ASp24HgAw&zoom=1&iac t=hc&vpx=576&vpy=259&dur=13532&hovh=174&hovw=289&tx= 169&ty=99&sig=116322375829783571851&page=2&tbnh=98& tbnw=163&start=8&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:8,i:194  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=energy+sources&um=1&hl=en& biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=6iGOG34aGBUDNM:&imgref url=http://interestingenergyfacts.blogspot.com/2009/05/most- important-alternative- energy.html&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cwrSE63jF7Y/SiFMI TAIe5I/AAAAAAAAAsk/ESdkoHGG78M/s400/alternative_energy_win d_solar.jpg&w=400&h=326&ei=dH9GUPmjGpGK9gTh64GwDQ&zo om=1&iact=hc&vpx=728&vpy=232&dur=609&hovh=203&hovw=2 49&tx=156&ty=140&sig=116322375829783571851&page=3&tb nh=122&tbnw=165&start=32&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:32,i:2 87,r:14,s:32,i:2 87  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=energy+sources&um=1&hl=en&biw=1024 &bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=aC0X7SKe- nCmLM:&imgrefurl=http://questgarden.com/102/79/0/100430062148/proc ess.htm&imgurl=http://questgarden.com/102/79/0/100430062148/images /nucleartitle.jpg&w=358&h=347&ei=dH9GUPmjGpGK9gTh64GwDQ&zoom=1 &iact=hc&vpx=90&vpy=215&dur=78&hovh=221&hovw=228&tx=93&ty=115 &sig=116322375829783571851&page=3&tbnh=122&tbnw=131&start=32 &ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:32,i:275  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=agricultural+productivity&um=1&hl=en&bi w=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=8orZRBacyn_2LM:&imgrefurl=http://ww w.theresilientearth.com/%3Fq%3Dcontent/agriculture-reduces-greenhouse- gases&imgurl=http://www.theresilientearth.com/files/images/intensive_ag.jp g&w=800&h=309&ei=ToBGUMWkMIiq8ATsoYCoCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=3 1&vpy=298&dur=594&hovh=139&hovw=362&tx=228&ty=123&sig=116322 375829783571851&page=1&tbnh=57&tbnw=147&start=0&ndsp=17&ved= 1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:107  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil+fuels+burning&um=1&hl=en&biw=1 024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=btzU2Yakq8GWYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.br itannica.com/EBchecked/media/87019/Factories-that-burn-fossil-fuels-help- to-cause-global-warming&imgurl=http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb- media/41/91641-004- 842864B7.jpg&w=550&h=365&ei=R4JGUKW4No2i8QTU64DYBg&zoom=1&i act=hc&vpx=112&vpy=205&dur=469&hovh=183&hovw=276&tx=86&ty=115 &sig=116322375829783571851&page=1&tbnh=167&tbnw=224&start=0& ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:112  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil+fuels+burning&um=1&hl=en&biw=1 024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=QM5OOvcrd- qPNM:&imgrefurl=http://webpages.csus.edu/~ss687/&imgurl=http://webpag es.csus.edu/~ss687/MIS%252520101/globalclimate.JPG&w=347&h=346&ei =z4JGUJI- k5rzBIvRgdAL&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=567&vpy=185&dur=2687&hovh=224& hovw=225&tx=19&ty=245&sig=116322375829783571851&page=1&tbnh= 167&tbnw=211&start=0&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:118

29.  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=nitrogen+runoff&um=1&hl=en&biw=10 24&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=MxL8wXW529pgsM:&imgrefurl=http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html%3FprogramID%3D07-P13- 00025%26segmentID%3D2&imgurl=http://www.loe.org/images/content/0 70622/dead_zone.gif&w=240&h=180&ei=GINGUMX1A5KC9gTtgoCgBA&z oom=1&iact=hc&vpx=785&vpy=159&dur=281&hovh=144&hovw=192&tx =114&ty=88&sig=116322375829783571851&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw =181&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:84,i:84  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=natural+resources&um=1&hl=en&biw= 1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=GzrqpCkloqV7HM:&imgrefurl=http://ww w.nrtp.net/&imgurl=http://www.nrtp.net/images/mill%252520pond.jpg&w =864&h=648&ei=lIRGUImhL5K49gSqi4Bw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=90&vp y=241&dur=1515&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=102&ty=122&sig=1163223 75829783571851&page=3&tbnh=121&tbnw=163&start=31&ndsp=20&v ed=1t:429,r:0,s:31,i:240  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=air&um=1&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=571 &tbm=isch&tbnid=H- YqKSzJwObY4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.vcapcd.org/AirTheFilm/reviews.ht m&imgurl=http://www.vcapcd.org/AirTheFilm/img/air.jpg&w=1172&h=96 9&ei=a4VGUPioEor- 9QTGjoDQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=552&vpy=231&dur=2125&hovh=20 4&hovw=247&tx=127&ty=164&sig=116322375829783571851&page=1 &tbnh=157&tbnw=190&start=0&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:157  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mountain+top+removal&um=1&hl=en& biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=vFfTxqwnT8qNfM:&imgrefurl=http:/ /lindsaymcnamara.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/mountaintop-removal-in- appalachia/&imgurl=http://lindsaymcnamara.files.wordpress.com/2012/0 5/mountaintop- removal520.jpg&w=520&h=390&ei=7IZGUMbYF4Tm9ATKvIHwCA&zoom= 1&iact=hc&vpx=89&vpy=242&dur=1516&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=164 &ty=129&sig=116322375829783571851&page=2&tbnh=123&tbnw=16 1&start=8&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:8,i:102  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=birds+and+plastic&view=deta il&id=59A8B9DFE048520C6751B72DC15BEA100323A7B6 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=birds+and+plastic&view=deta il&id=59A8B9DFE048520C6751B72DC15BEA100323A7B6  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=fish+and+plastic&view=detail &id=8687F8CC8B381B979B380DD6536A2DADEAE8C0D4 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=fish+and+plastic&view=detail &id=8687F8CC8B381B979B380DD6536A2DADEAE8C0D4  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJAbATJCugs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJAbATJCugs  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPUS-R0bFos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPUS-R0bFos  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=deforestation+hatie+and+do minican+republic&view=detail&id=C4DBD77797BFD01EE7E3B3DFFF DD6FAF86C18C3B&qpvt=deforestation+hatie+and+dominican+republ ic http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=deforestation+hatie+and+do minican+republic&view=detail&id=C4DBD77797BFD01EE7E3B3DFFF DD6FAF86C18C3B&qpvt=deforestation+hatie+and+dominican+republ ic  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=deforestation+&view=detail&i d=B878CA63F69279AFE5BC1242E00CA2B5CA82F53E http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=deforestation+&view=detail&i d=B878CA63F69279AFE5BC1242E00CA2B5CA82F53E  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=easten+oyster&view=detail&i d=5C7496F8B4F36084CEDA77712F77C8E385DDDB4F http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=easten+oyster&view=detail&i d=5C7496F8B4F36084CEDA77712F77C8E385DDDB4F  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=keystone+species&view=deta il&id=7DB00C4DD7FC17C86BF14C9A7C5E448DE4E80402 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=keystone+species&view=deta il&id=7DB00C4DD7FC17C86BF14C9A7C5E448DE4E80402  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEh4r4iQiBU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEh4r4iQiBU&feature=related  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pollution&view=detail&id=94 075E39E5CBB7D83110B9BB98C9913DADE59DEE http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pollution&view=detail&id=94 075E39E5CBB7D83110B9BB98C9913DADE59DEE  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pollution&view=detail&id=D4 4F268EA2F7A35B233D6A73F3D9CEBD51F7D245 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pollution&view=detail&id=D4 4F268EA2F7A35B233D6A73F3D9CEBD51F7D245  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=thermal+pollution&view=deta il&id=244CEF36821D017790C89CD36D7528E5AB041AEA http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=thermal+pollution&view=deta il&id=244CEF36821D017790C89CD36D7528E5AB041AEA  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=melting+sea+ice&view=detail &id=D5582D87C9AD5629A76AC196B3F047E734CFD566 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=melting+sea+ice&view=detail &id=D5582D87C9AD5629A76AC196B3F047E734CFD566  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sea+level+rise&view=detail&i d=F92A7217F159CF2766174E79EBE580669303C0E9

30.  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=global+sea+level+rise&vie w=detail&id=D072B6B054BBE15457B5C50FD5BBC7A97DBAE6C 4 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=global+sea+level+rise&vie w=detail&id=D072B6B054BBE15457B5C50FD5BBC7A97DBAE6C 4  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0ddlkFqZ4Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0ddlkFqZ4Y  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=F8384D173CEA5EEF884FF6F5F52DF75B6363D9A4&firs t=45 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=F8384D173CEA5EEF884FF6F5F52DF75B6363D9A4&firs t=45  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=D8BEDE08C3B6A6332FAEDF4C1E6410DA4F3BE7AB http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=D8BEDE08C3B6A6332FAEDF4C1E6410DA4F3BE7AB  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=945028825DE3698A6E380CF5D29284BB2C491C7D http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=acid+rain+effects&view=d etail&id=945028825DE3698A6E380CF5D29284BB2C491C7D  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mount+mitchell+north+car olina+acid+rain&view=detail&id=D34AD8F312A51FFB6A6BFF35FE 917681E12D8E6C http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mount+mitchell+north+car olina+acid+rain&view=detail&id=D34AD8F312A51FFB6A6BFF35FE 917681E12D8E6C  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oil+spills&view=detail&id= BA99E6BB8334D6C410C74DE297DF7E16F4347AA8 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oil+spills&view=detail&id= BA99E6BB8334D6C410C74DE297DF7E16F4347AA8  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oil+spills&view=detail&id= 1C6620870B8E024190F0F2EAF9FEB8B057091B5C http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oil+spills&view=detail&id= 1C6620870B8E024190F0F2EAF9FEB8B057091B5C  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chemical+pollution&view= detail&id=A927A6C295FF25974CBCD0003678AD83F25D7A9A http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chemical+pollution&view= detail&id=A927A6C295FF25974CBCD0003678AD83F25D7A9A  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=EE34B2DF0075248BBED5475CF4949B26523CDBA7 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=EE34B2DF0075248BBED5475CF4949B26523CDBA7  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=AF80236E31911D93174E1BC0322B1C9E1BE8F31E&first= 40 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=AF80236E31911D93174E1BC0322B1C9E1BE8F31E&first= 40  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=dead+zones&view=detail& id=CA026164DABA88EA250BF4C25C150DE43E550839 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=dead+zones&view=detail& id=CA026164DABA88EA250BF4C25C150DE43E550839  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=2993A110AA9DD779BFF8090C679C12D3211F2657&first= 40 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=eutrophication&view=detai l&id=2993A110AA9DD779BFF8090C679C12D3211F2657&first= 40  http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/ocr_che m_eutrophication.jpg http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/ocr_che m_eutrophication.jpg  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticide&view=detail&id=AF A7520F25F4A95AA5B79CD3B4AAF6E017461D89 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticide&view=detail&id=AF A7520F25F4A95AA5B79CD3B4AAF6E017461D89  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticides+and+pollinators&v iew=detail&id=A63C10CE203624F4122D287D4351DF63FCEDA939 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticides+and+pollinators&v iew=detail&id=A63C10CE203624F4122D287D4351DF63FCEDA939  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticides+and+pollinators&v iew=detail&id=6DF9FCC4D6959F0139D539BD71B3BE2AF7972527 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pesticides+and+pollinators&v iew=detail&id=6DF9FCC4D6959F0139D539BD71B3BE2AF7972527  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bioaccumulation&view=detail &id=6548A213761ABB3D4533D1492052165AA6F100CB http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bioaccumulation&view=detail &id=6548A213761ABB3D4533D1492052165AA6F100CB  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=extinct+species+recent&view =detail&id=0026076E432A9D3AFEDC7B84A19EE7BA87FC083D http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=extinct+species+recent&view =detail&id=0026076E432A9D3AFEDC7B84A19EE7BA87FC083D  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=extinction+recent&view=detai l&id=084DF78D17BA2FCE5650E4CD7FB53818BD3358A2&first=10 9 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=extinction+recent&view=detai l&id=084DF78D17BA2FCE5650E4CD7FB53818BD3358A2&first=10 9  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pythons+swallow+alligators& view=detail&id=41F967DE1382B4915D8D7342DC1FF1C21CEEE07 C http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=pythons+swallow+alligators& view=detail&id=41F967DE1382B4915D8D7342DC1FF1C21CEEE07 C  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=kudzu&view=detail&id=D5C8 8A70256460EA0EF1E720338A3BC70E36B407&qpvt=kudzu http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=kudzu&view=detail&id=D5C8 8A70256460EA0EF1E720338A3BC70E36B407&qpvt=kudzu  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+graphs+i n+different+countries&view=detail&id=595BAC6E28AC34E1D69448F 595EB95EDE85950DE&first=36 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+graphs+i n+different+countries&view=detail&id=595BAC6E28AC34E1D69448F 595EB95EDE85950DE&first=36  http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+graphs+i n+different+countries&view=detail&id=C76EC57BA8138D27518649 52819C4CBD226797D9&first=36 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+population+graphs+i n+different+countries&view=detail&id=C76EC57BA8138D27518649 52819C4CBD226797D9&first=36