1. 7 Intercollegiate Athletics C H A P T E R
Ellen J. Staurowsky, Ithaca College
Robertha Abney, Slippery Rock University
Chapter 7

2. March Madness CBS/Turner paying 10.8 billion for (10 years)
ESPN paying 7.2 billion for football playoffs (12 Year deal)

3. Humble Beginnings… 1852 – Yale vs Harvard Regatta
Meant to be a “frolic” but ended up starting a tidal wave that is still growing today
President Pierce attended

4. Who organized events? 1850-1900 most events were student organized
By 1900, professional coaches, specialized training for athletes, scholarships, and an emphasis to win (especially against rivals) was widely accepted

5. Scandal
By 1905, Coaches were found to be pressuring faculty for grades
Subversion of negative press
Class with University Presidents over athletic importance
Multiple deaths on the football field brought attention to all the problems

6. Beginnings of the NCAA
Began in 1905 with a meetings of 13 school presidents, coaches, alumni, and faculty.
The meeting came about to discuss safety reforms at the urging of Theodore Roosevelt
Football had led to multiple deaths of collegiate players.
Also, paid non-student athletes were found to have infiltrated the amateur game.
The IAAUS was constituted in 1906, the NCAA took its place in 1910

7. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
Largest and most influential college sport governing body in U.S.
Membership separated into three divisions (DI, DII, and DIII)
Football subdivisions
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)

8. The Evolution of the NCAA
Began with 28 member schools
In 50’s divided into the university and college divisions
The 3 division system started in 1970’s
As of 2007, 1288 member schools
Division III has 40% of all member schools

9. Figure 7.1

10. Other National Governing Bodies
National Association for Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)
National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA)
American Indian Higher Education Consortium Athletic Commission (Haskell University)
(continued)

11. Other National Governing Bodies (continued)
National Junior College Athletic Association
California Community College Commission on Athletics
Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges
National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association

12. Athletic Conferences
Early history – Big 10 Conference – Palmer Hotel 1895.
7 initial schools met to discuss “ringers”.
Came up with the first eligibility standards for athletes within the conference: “Eligibility for athletics to bona fide full-time students who were not delinquent in their studies”
University of Chicago, University of Illinois, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, Purdue University, and University of Wisconsin.

13. Major NCAA Conferences
*ACC Mountain West *BIG 12 *SEC BIG EAST Sun Belt *BIG 10 WAC CUSA *denote power 5 conferences MAC *PAC12

14. More on Conferences
Conference affiliation vs. independent – University of Notre Dame (football and basketball)
Classification and designation of conferences
NCAA FBS and FCS conferences (divisions for football)
Regional and local conferences for travel expenses
HBCU’s – Historically Black colleges and universities

15. College Sport Finance Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA)
Requires athletic revenues and expenses to be made public
Generating revenue vs. turning a profit
In 2014, only 24 D-1 school turned a profit
What is the impact of spending more on program success – Only top 20 schools gained more program success by spending more
Gender equity – Women’s sports lag well behind in revenue (UCONN basketball may be the one and only exception)

16. Challenges Financially
College sports programs are being forced to spend more with no impact on success
Per athlete costs are up 85% since 2000
Rising tuition costs can be attributed back to increased spending for athletic programs and facilities

17. Intercollegiate Athletics Administrators
Director of athletics
Associate or assistant athletics director
First-line managers (next slide)
Administrators in governing bodies

18. Jared Stark – York College Director of Athletics
Guest Speaker
Jared Stark – York College Director of Athletics

19. First-Line Managers in Athletics Departments
Academic coordinator (academic progress and financial aid)
Business and finance manager (budgeting, vendor management, accounting)
Compliance officer (reporting, eligibility)
Development and public relations director (Fund raising, corporate partnerships)
Event and facility manager (game day)
(continued)

20. First-Line Managers in Athletics Departments (continued)
Marketing and promotions director (increase awareness and attendance)
Sports information director (link to media)
Ticket manager (ticket office and online sales)
Senior woman administrator (SWA) (A new concept that assure that a woman administrator has a voice)
Equipment manager (maintaining and transporting)

21. Practical Application - Discussion
Critical thinking in intercollegiate athletics
Is college sports compatible with the goals of higher education?
Ethics in intercollegiate athletics
In what ways is corporate sponsorship threatening to change the nature of the amateur/college way of competition?

22. Three Review Questions
What was the relationship between the NCAA and the NAIA in the 1970s? How has that relationship changed today?
Why is there concern about the rate of spending in men’s sports at the Division I level compared to the rate of spending in women’s sports?
(continued)

23. Three Review Questions (continued)
What are the possible rules violations that athletics development officers need to be aware of, and how do they try to reduce the risk of those violations happening?