2. World War I World War I Adapted from Mr. Wells Harold E. Winkler Middle School Adapted from Mr. Wells Harold E. Winkler Middle School

3. Review:  We have discussed the causes of World War I:  Militarism  Alliances  Imperialism  Nationalism  And the “spark that ignited the bomb”… – The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914.

4. “ The War of the Industrial Revolution ” : New Technology

5. New Technology: Guns  By the end of 1914, all of Europe was engaged in conflict.  The German plan against France was to strike as fast as possible- known as Schlieffen Plan.  The invention of the machine gun halted the plan… it was used by both sides and allowed the French to fend off the strong German attack. 4:35

6. New Technology: Tanks  Tanks were created to tip the balance of trench warfare.  Only flamethrowers and well thrown grenades could disable the tank.

7. New Technology: Flame Throwers & Grenade Launchers This brutal piece of weaponry could annihilate an entire trench and wipe out a solider brigade.

8. Germany’s “Big Bertha” Gun

9. New Technology: Chemical Weapons  WWI was the first major war to use chemical weapons.  Chlorine and Mustard Gas were the two post popular chemical weapons.  They caused suffocation, blindness, and death.  Soldiers would protect themselves using gas masks.

10. Young Indiana Jones – World War I Gas Scene 3:59

11. Mustard Gas Burns

14. New Technology: The Airplane  Both sides used aircraft for spying, some bombing and air battles.  Airplanes were slow, clumsy, and unreliable.  The most famous of pilots was the German – Red Baron and American – Eddie Rickenbacher

15. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br. 2:53

16. New Technology: U-Boats

17. The Western Front & Trench Warfare

18.  The most important battles fought were in Europe, primarily in France.  Both sides dug long trenches that faced each other.  The land between the trenches is called “No Man’s Land”.  Trench warfare made a few months of fighting extend to years of fighting! The Western Front

19.  Soldiers were expected to carry all of their equipment at all times.  They were supposed to keep it clean and in good condition. That was the British way!  This is how their uniforms looked after 3 weeks in the trenches… The Western Front

20. Important Battles of World War I  Battle of the Cer – Serbian forces defeat the powerful Austria-Hungary offensive. One of the biggest upsets in 20 th century warfare (August 1914).  This battle highlighted the youngest solider of World War I – Momcilo Gavric of Serbia, age 11.  Battle of the Somme – British & French soliders v. German soliders from July-November, 1916  1 million men killed – one of World History’s bloodiest battles  Allies advance only 2 miles…in 5 months! 3:05

21. Trench Warfare

22.  Soldiers had very little food that was edible.  Food was often attacked by rats.  The rats were huge because they fed on decomposing bodies! Trench Warfare 3:04

23. Trench Warfare

24.  Trench life was horrid!  Poison gas caused blindness or lifelong nervous system and/or lung problems.  Soldiers had emotional collapses also known as… “Shell Shock”.  Soldiers feet standing in dirty water in the trenches led to TRENCH FOOT!

25. Horrible Histories: Winter in the Trenches & Food 4:13

26. Results of World War I  Allies Power victory on November 11, 1918: – “…on the 11 th hour, of the 11 th day, of the 11 th month.” – Also known as Armistice Day.  Casualties:  5 million soldiers killed.  5th deadliest conflict in world history.  Political Results:  Rise of the United States as a super power.  New countries created throughout Europe.  “Unfair” Treaty of Versailles (1918).  Forming of the League of the League Nations. 1:00