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Conceptual design of the CERN’s Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment target complex M. Calviani (CERN) 6 th High Power Targetry Workshop Oxford, 10-15 April 2016 http://ship.web.cern.ch/ship/
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Outline Introduction to the SHiP physics case Main experimental requirements for Hidden Sector exploration The SHiP production target/dump The SHiP target facility design Conclusions and perspectives 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 2
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Hidden sector – “discovery” physics 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 3 Well known that Standard Model, despite its great successes, is still incomplete: Neutrino masses and oscillations, absent in the SM Dark matter, absent in the SM Baryogenesis, absent in the SM Different anomalies: muon magnetic moment, LSND,... Energy scale for new physics is not certain and can vary by many orders of magnitudes
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Hidden sector – “discovery” physics Proposition of a new facility/experiment to search for Hidden Particles and for tau neutrino physics at the “intensity” frontier Rather than being heavy, could new particles be light but very weakly interacting? 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 4 Courtesy: SHiP Collaboration
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HS investigation experimental requirements 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 5 Cosmologically interesting and experimentally accessible m HS ~ O(MeV – GeV) Hidden particle production in , K, D, B, decays, coupling to photons High A and Z target Hidden particle decay Full reconstruction and identification Production and decay rates are suppressed relative to SM Production branching ratios ~O(10 -10 ) Largest possible number of protons on target Long-lived objects Large decay volume Travel unperturbed through ordinary matter Allows filtering out background Background suppression is a key aspect
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SHiP experiment proposal 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 6 Proposition of beam dump experiment at CERN SPS with ~2*10 20 protons on target ~O(1000) improvement over any previous searches High energy (400 GeV/c) to increase c quark cross- section Studied siting at FNAL and JPARC, but lower energy unfavourable Crucial design parameters: residual and fluxes Reduction of neutrinos from light meson decays Dense target/dump Short-lived resonances generate ~10 10 /spill Active muon shield – ~90 Tm
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Facility schematic overview 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 7 Courtesy: A. Golutvin (Imperial College) 45 Institutes 243 participants Heavy target to maximize heavy flavour production (large A) and minimize neutrinos from /K Hadron absorber + effective shield Slow (and uniform) beam extraction (~1 second), to reduce occupancy in the detector
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SHiP target complex Target and proximity shielding inside a He- vessel (T2K experience!) Target located 10 m below ground floor Cast-iron proximity shielding and hadron absorber (~460 m 3 of Fe!) 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 8
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The extraction line to target SHiP extraction line to be installed in the TT20 tunnel (SPS to North Area FT) Facility requires a new bipolar laminated splitter 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 9 Courtesy: M. Fraser (CERN)
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Beam dilution on target 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 10 In order to avoid damaging the target, beam dilution on target is required Presently considered is an Archimedean spiral, 5-35 mm radius (1 = 6 mm) with constant arm separation and uniform speed
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SHiP beam/target configuration SHiP target is effectively a high pulse intensity “spallation” target, but whose aim is not to produce neutrons 90% of the beam energy is deposited in the target (~13 kW/cm 3 ) – 2.56 MJ Super cycle average beam power (355 kW) Baseline Beamprotons Momentum [GeV/c]400 Beam Intensity [10 13 p/cycle]4.0 Magnetic cycle length [s]7.2 Spill duration [s]1.0 Expected r.m.s. spot size (H/V) [mm]6/6 Average beam power on target (deposited) [kW]355 (320) Average beam power on target during spill (deposited) [kW]2560 (2300) 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 11
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SHiP vs. CHARM vs. DONUT beam DONUT *CHARM **SHiP Target materialW-alloy Cu (variable ) TZM + pure W Momentum (GeV/c)800400 Intensity0.8*10 13 1.3*10 13 4*10 13 Pulse length (s)2023*10 -6 1 Rep. rate (s)60~107.2 Beam energy (kJ)10208302560 Avg. beam power (spill) (kW)513.4*10 7 (fast)2560 Avg. beam power (SC) (kW)1769355 POT (total)Few 10 17 Few 10 18 2*10 20 * http://www-donut.fnal.gov/http://www-donut.fnal.gov/ ** http://cds.cern.ch/record/205527/files/CM-P00068733.pdf?version=1http://cds.cern.ch/record/205527/files/CM-P00068733.pdf?version=1 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 12
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SHiP CDR target overview Target is the single most critical component of the target complex 10 nuclear int. length long production target High-Z target, hybrid solution composed of TZM (Moly alloy) & pure W (Ta cladded) 40x40 cm 2, segmented target 58 cm TZM (13 layers) + 58 cm W (4 layers) Water cooled (in CDR) to dissipate the ~320 kW energy deposition O(85 mm) water gaps – more are unacceptable for physics 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 13
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13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 14 He circulationWater circulation Top view Lateral view Transversal view Contrary to a conventional “neutrino” target, SHiP does want to minimize light mesons: High Z to avoid /K escape Significant transversal cross-section
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SHiP target updated FEM 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 15 Beam characteristics generates significant oscillating temperature fields, max temperature reached after 5 pulses TZM W
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13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 16 Minimum principal stresses (compression) Maximum principal stresses (tensile) #9 #13 Further optimisation required -- Ta yield limit
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SHiP target CFD studies 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 17 Optimal flow rate 50-80 l/s (180-290 m 3 /h) Two inlets/outlets, 8 cm Ø High flow required to decrease temperature at the boundary of the plates in the gaps ( T~0-3 °C) 50 l/s Further optimisation required High temperatures expected at the water/blocks boundaries For 180 m 3 /h, almost 200 °C is reached Loop need to be pressurized (O(15-20 bar))
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Radiation damage 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 18 O(1 DPA) over a significant volume Appropriate testing shall be foreseen in the Comprehensive Design Phase – already preliminarily started within RaDIATE Not a problem according to ISIS experience – but what about TZM? Neutron flux 10 21-22 n/cm 2
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SHiP target complex requirements Production target installed inside an underground iron-shielded bunker, accessible from top Fully remote handling/manipulation of the target and shielding from the target hall (40 ton fully redundant crane) Target residual dose rate O(50 Sv/h) Helium environment inside the target bunker Reduction of air activation and corrosion Ventilation system according to ISO17873 Dynamic confinement 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 19 See H. Vincke presentation
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SHiP target bunker 30 m 40 m 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 20
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13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 21 Target shielding conceived to be compliant with radiation protection requirements
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SHiP proximity shielding 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 22 O(50 kW) deposited, water cooling needed Cast iron blocks with embedded SS pipes Maximize weight (~35 tons/block) to reduce handling of highly radioactive (O(Sv/h)) blocks
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SHiP status Project endorsed by the SPSC (March 2016) Technical Proposal (http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04956) + Addendum (http://ship.web.cern.ch/ship/Document/SPSC-P-350-ADD-2.pdf )http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04956http://ship.web.cern.ch/ship/Document/SPSC-P-350-ADD-2.pdf Physics Proposal (http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04855)http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04855 Recommend to proceed towards the Comprehensive Design Report CERN Taskforce analysed the feasibility of the project (EDMS 1369559)1369559 Target design, radiological aspects, civil engineering, beam extraction, costs and manpower Details on target & target complex in EDMS 15132941513294 If approved in 2019, the project would take 8 years to construct (beam on target 2025/6) M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 2313 April 2016
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SHiP schedule 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 24 10 years from Technical Proposal to data taking Optimised for minimal interference with operation of North Area Preparation of facility in four and separate WP Use of Long Shutdown 3 for junction cavern Comprehensive Design Study (2016-2018) Construction/production >2021 Data taking 2026 (start of HL-LHC era) Courtesy: R. Jacobsson (CERN)
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Perspectives for R&D future activities Design-critical R&D to be carried out in the next 2-3 years: 1.Pursue design of the production target towards a robust configuration Dedicated material investigation, detailed FEM, fatigue analysis, dynamic studies, study advanced solutions, etc. 2.Investigate viability of a He-cooled target Simplification of water activation and reduced risk of circuit contamination 3.Prototyping He-vessel for the target bunker 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 25
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W/Mo Target~1m Fe ~5m Detector volume ~100m e.m, hadrons K L, K S, , n, ,K Vacuum neutrino Active muon shield (magnetic deflection) O(50)m muon Occupancy + combinatorial K L, K S, , n, Tau neutrino Detector ~5m neutrons
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SHiP target material properties 13 April 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target Complex - 6th High Power Targetry Workshop 28 Stress-relieved tempers for both TZM and W Lots of information missing, properties depend on the “deformation” processes and the final blocks shapes Significant mechanical testing campaign to be foreseen during a TDR phase Tensile and compression curves in relevant T range (irradiated and non-irradiated) Fatigue (thermal cycles) Fracture mechanics tests, impact toughness (DBTT), etc. Blocks assembly shapes will have to be reviewed based on what suppliers could provide (ongoing discussions)
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